刍议研究生科学道德和学风教育质量管理体系之构建

研究生科学道德和学风建设是学位与研究生教育的重要组成部分。针对近年来科学研究和学术活动中各种违背科学道德和学术规范的行为时有发生,国家教育部对研究生科学道德和学风建设日益重视,因此构建研究生的科学道德和学风教育质量管理体系具有十分重要的意义。实现研究生科学道德和学风教育质量体系的方针和目标需具备三个要素,即教育实践的模式(集主题教育、方法学习、学术实践三位一体)、有效性评价机制和绩效考核机制。此外,尚需建立体系优化机制,以适应各种内外部因素的变化,保持体系的更新和优化。     

The relational underpinnings of quality internal auditing in medical clinics in Israel

Internal auditing is a key mechanism in enhancing organizational reliability. However, research on the ways quality internal auditing is enabled through learning, deterrence, motivation and process improvement is scant. In particular, the relational underpinnings of internal auditing have been understudied. This study attempts to address this need by examining how organizational trust, perceived organizational support and psychological safety enable internal auditing. Data collected from employees in medical clinics of one of the largest healthcare organizations in Israel at two points in time six months apart. Our results show that organizational trust and perceived organizational support are positively related to psychological safety (measured at time 1), which, in turn, is associated with internal auditing (measured at time 2).     

Social climate within secure inpatient services for people with intellectual disabilities

Background The social climate of inpatient facilities is thought to be an important contributor to treatment outcome. However, little research has focused on this construct within secure forensic services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the social climate of two different types of secure units (‘low’ secure vs. ‘medium’ secure) contained within the same facility for offenders with ID. Two hypotheses were generated: (1) residents would rate the social climate of the whole facility in a more negative direction than staff, and (2) residents and staff would rate the social climate of the ‘low’ secure unit in a more positive direction than that of the ‘medium’ secure unit. Method Using a 2 (factor ‘Participant’ = Staff or Resident) × 2 (factor ‘Unit’ = ‘Low’ or ‘Medium’ Secure Unit) between‐subjects design, 18 residents and 37 staff members were recruited and completed the Correctional Institutions Environment Scale (CIES), a measure of social climate. Results Residents tended to rate the units in a more positive direction than staff on some sub‐scales. Participants rated the ‘low’ secure unit in a more positive direction than the ‘medium’ secure unit on two sub‐scales of the CIES. However, on selected sub‐scales there were differences. The findings of this study suggest that the CIES may be a valid instrument for use within forensic services for people with ID, and further suggests that residents and staff have different perceptions of the shared social climate, which may have implications for service development.     

驻广州部队营区大气微生物含量的测定

用平板沉降法测定驻广州部队营区春季大气微生物含量。结果表明,营区大气微生物含量较高(10 311CFU/m~3)。驻市区部队营区大气微生物含量高于近郊营区,建议加强环境卫生监督、监测,控制环境污染。     

Decreased serum ceruloplasmin concentration in aluminum welders exposed to ozone

Summary During an epidemiological survey on arc welders, serum copper and ceruloplasmin were determined in two groups of workers. One group consisted of aluminum welders who were divided into two groups: 13 welders working inside aluminum tanks (confined atmosphere) and 8 welders engaged in the production of vans for dump trucks (nonconfined atmosphere). The reference group consisted of 26 workers of the same plant who were not exposed to welding fumes. Ozone, the major pollutant in aluminum arc welding, was thought to be the principal factor in the significant decrease (P < 0.01) of mean ceruloplasmin in confined welders. This decrease in the level of ceruloplasmin was still within the reference values and was not linked to age or to tobacco consumption. We found a linear relationship between ceruloplasmin concentration and the cumulated worktime along the week. This effect could be a sign in the serum of a lung reaction against oxidant activity in this type occupational exposure.     

苹果常温保鲜技术

采用AF型气氛保鲜纸对苹果进行常温保鲜效果试验,并与其他保鲜方法进行了对比试验.该法具有简单易行、投资少、见效快等特点,可用于苹果常温贮藏保鲜.结果表明,用AF型气氛保鲜纸包裹苹果,可使苹果在常温下贮藏保鲜期稳定在140 d以上,失重率降低66.9%,皱皮率降低90.6%,腐烂率降低87.3%,硬度和可溶性固形物含量基本不变.     

Commentary: Organizational Culture and Practice Epistemologies

Hemmelgarn, Glisson, and James (2006) provide an excellent review of the impact of organizational culture and climate for the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) models within social and mental health services systems. As their article makes clear, the implementation process should address the organizational context, and effectiveness and services research should consider organizational factors in outcome and EBP transport research. This commentary extends discussion of one aspect of organizational culture—the extent to which organizations are driven by an empirical scientific epistemology—and how this may contribute to establishing a context for EBP design, selection, implementation, and sustained evolution in field settings.     

护士组织承诺对医院磁性水平影响的机制研究

目的 探究护士组织承诺、心理韧性对医院磁性水平的影响,为临床护理人力资源管理提供依据.方法 采用护士心理韧性量表、中国职工组织承诺量表、医院磁性要素量表对新疆地区4所三甲综合医院的3047名临床护士开展调查,并建立三者之间的关系模型.结果 护士心理韧性得分64.93士15.73,护士组织承诺得分81.53±16.66,护士感知医院磁性水平得分97.31土21.38.护士心理韧性与组织承诺、护士感知医院磁性水平呈正相关(r=0.492、0.483,均P＜0.01),护士组织承诺与感知医院磁性水平呈正相关(r=0.561,P＜0.01),组织承诺是心理韧性与医院磁性环境的中介变量,中介效应占总效应的55.40％.结论 护士心理韧性、组织承诺处于中等水平,护士感知医院磁性水平处于中等偏低水平,组织承诺在心理韧性与工作环境间起中介作用.医院管理者应重视护士组织承诺的建立和维护,稳定护士队伍,提高护士满意度,从而提高护理质量.