Ethnic variation in deep lateral orbital anatomy and its implications on decompression surgery

Aim: To describe differences in the deep lateral orbital wall (specifically, trigone) between Chinese, Malay, Indian and Caucasian subjects

Methods: Single-centre retrospective Computed Tomogram (CT)-based study; 20 subjects of each ethnicity were used from existing databases, matched for gender, average age and laterality. Subjects below 16 years of age were excluded. DICOM image viewing software CARESTREAM Vue PACS (Carestream Health Inc., USA) and OsiriX version 7.5 (Pixmeo., Switzerland) were used to measure deep lateral wall length, thickness and volume, as well as orbital depth and statistical analyses performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (IBM, USA).

Results: In each group, there were 12 males (60%) and average age was not significantly different (p = 0.682–0.987). Using Chinese subjects as a reference, in Chinese, Malay, Indian and Caucasian subjects, mean trigone thickness was 13.68, 14.02, 11.60 (p < 0.001) and 13.80 mm, curved total wall length 45.23, 42.29 (p = 0.048), 41.91 (p = 0.020) and 45.00 mm, curved trigone length 23.03, 22.61, 17.19 (p = 0.011) and 18.76 mm (p = 0.030) and trigone volume 3120.97, 3221.01, 1613.66 (p < 0.001), 2498.46 mm³ (p = 0.059) respectively. Similarly, perpendicular orbital depth was 27.54, 24.97, 22.12 (p = 0.001) and 25.93 mm and diagonal orbital depth was 34.19, 33.27, 29.48 (p = 0.01) and 34.63 mm respectively.

Conclusions: Indian and, to a lesser extent, Caucasian subjects have smaller trigones compared to their Chinese and Malay counterparts. Indian subjects also have shallower orbits and due care should be taken during decompression surgery.     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS分析刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分

目的利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分进行定性分析。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T 3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量2μL,在电喷雾正负离子模式下采集数据。经Reaxys数据库检索番荔枝属类化合物信息,通过质谱信息比对各化合物的m/z值、保留时间、质谱特征碎片等,并结合文献数据对鉴定的化合物进行验证。结果根据各化合物的特征裂解规律,从刺果番荔枝叶中共鉴定出45个化合物,包括16个生物碱类,14个番荔枝内酯类,7个黄酮类和8个其他类化合物,其中以番荔枝内酯类和生物碱类成分居多,与文献报道番荔枝内酯与生物碱类化合物是发挥抗癌的主要活性成分一致。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶中的化学成分进行了快速、准确的定性分析,为刺果番荔枝叶的提取分离与药效物质基础的研究提供依据。     

Observation on 108 Normal Ophthalmic Arteries in 80 Patients by Digital Subtraction Angiography

By digital subtraction angiography(DSA), the authors made observations on 108 normal ophthalmic arteries in 80 patients with regard to the origins, courses, branching, morphology and anastomoses of the vessels. The merits and demerits of DSA in observing the ophthalmic artery were discussed. Eye Science 1994; 10: 157- 162.     

眼眶巨大肿瘤的诊断与治疗对策

目的探讨和分析眼眶内巨大肿瘤术前定性诊断和有关手术治疗方案的制定原则。方法2001.1-2005.1月共32例,其中,男14例,女18例,年龄5岁-80岁,平均38.40岁。眼球突出两眼差3cm-15cm,平均6.0cm,病程6m至30y,平均5.5y。入选标准：眼眶巨大肿瘤为医学影像学或术中测量肿瘤直径〉2.5cm,范围2.5cm-4.5cm,平均2.95cm,甚至充满眶腔（4例）。术前确诊者27例;其中,海绵状血管瘤12例,神经鞘瘤4例,静脉性血管瘤4例,脑膜瘤4例,视神经胶质瘤、皮样囊肿和骨瘤各1例。术中操作：海绵状血管瘤行穿刺或切开放血减少体积,神经鞘瘤行囊内切除,皮样囊肿切开吸出内容物再切除囊膜,静脉性血管瘤放出血液后紧贴瘤组织切除。注意因肿瘤巨大使正常结构移位,解剖不清造成意外出现并发症。结果术前确诊的27例经病理诊断符合率为100%,其他为横纹肌肉瘤、间叶软组织肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、恶性血管外皮瘤和神经纤维瘤。术后视力提高者7例,不变者16例,视力下降者9例;上睑下垂6例,眼球运动障碍5例,眼球内陷4例。结论对于大部分眼眶肿瘤（27/31）术前均得到定性诊断,有利于术前制定的治疗方案,保证术中操作安全,避免盲目手术带来的各种并发症,提高了手术的成功率和病人的生活质量。     

150例颅面部外伤中眼部损伤的CT发现与临床表现的相关性研究

目的　探讨颅面部外伤中眼部损伤的部位和程度与CT扫描发现之间的关系。方法　回顾性分析 15 0例眼部损伤病人的临床表现和CT结果。结果　爆裂骨折多发生于内下壁 ,直接骨折以外壁多见 ,复合骨折常引起多眶壁骨折。合并颅骨骨折 92例。临床表现主要为眶周组织肿胀、眼球运动障碍和视力下降等。结论　CT扫描对眼部损伤病人选择治疗方案和评估预后有重要意义     

原发性眼眶静脉曲张的CT和MRI表现

目的探讨原发性眼眶静脉曲张(POV)的CT及MRI表现。方法临床诊断的30例原发性眼眶静脉曲张患者,9例行CT横断位和冠状位扫描,21例行MR扫描,4例行CT和MR检查。结果30例中30只患眼,左眼18例,右眼12例,均为单侧发病。病变部位眼睑3例,眼眶前部1例,眼眶后部(球后)17例,眼睑和眼眶前部5例,眼睑、眼眶前部和眼眶后部2例,眼眶前部和眼眶后部2例。形态17例为不规则块状,4例为卵圆形,9例为不规则条状。CT冠状位,病变均显示为软组织密度,有明显强化;静脉石2例;眶骨受压变薄、眶腔扩大3例。MR扫描,颈部加压后25例均显示病变,11例呈等T1长T2信号,7例呈长T1长T2信号,1例呈等T1等T2信号,6例呈长T1长T2为主的混杂信号,增强的22例中,14例呈明显均匀强化,8例呈不均匀强化。结论CT横断位和冠状位及颈部加压或俯卧位MRI在原发性眼眶静脉曲张的诊断和鉴别诊断方面有重要价值。     

羟基磷灰石义眼台作为药物缓释载体减轻术后反应的临床观察

目的评价羟基磷灰石（HA）义眼台作为药物缓释载体减轻眼球摘除义眼台植入术后反应的效果。方法植入HA义眼台前，用地塞米松5mg，庆大霉素8万u，透明质酸酶1500U混合液浸泡HA义眼台15—20min后植入，手术步骤按常规。结果观察术后1周反应情况，52例中51例（98．07％）无疼痛或仅有轻度疼痛；44例（84．62％）结膜无水肿；36例（69．23％）无恶心；16例（30．77％）轻中度恶心；48例（92．31％）无呕吐。与对照组（43例）比较，术后疼痛、结膜水肿、恶心呕吐均较轻，其差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论HA义眼台作为药物缓释载体植入眼球肌膜囊内能有效地控制术后反应，减轻患者痛苦。     

眶周截骨和皮瓣转移修复放疗后眼眶发育不良畸形

目的　探讨放射治疗所引起的眼眶发育不良的整形外科治疗方法。方法　通过眶周截骨扩大眶腔 ,重建眼眶的骨架结构 ,采用皮瓣移植完成结膜囊的再造和局部凹陷的充填。结果　12例眼眶发育不全患者经手术后均获得满意效果。结论　联合应用眶周截骨前移和皮瓣转移可有效地修复放射治疗所致的眼眶骨组织和软组织的畸形。     

PCR扩增IgH基因诊断眼眶良性淋巴增生病的研究

目的；探索某些眼眶良性淋巴星病向恶性淋巴瘤转变的实质。方法；应用聚合酶链反尖（ＰＣＲ）对１８例病理组织学诊断为 眶良性洒巴增生病的石蜡切片进行免疫球蛋白重链（ｇＨ）基因扩增。结果；３例良性淋巴增生病见Ｉ基因一致性重排，电泳产的见一明显的扩增带（１００－１２０ｂｐ），其余１５例未见扩增产物或呈多克隆带。结论；某些良性淋巴增生病的病例存在病理组织学和免疫组织化学不衣检测到的微小单克隆病变。它提示临床为