载脂蛋白对无症状非糖尿病人群冠状动脉粥样硬化的预测价值

目的 分析无症状非糖尿病人群载脂蛋白(Apo)水平及ApoB/ApoA1比值,研究其与冠状动脉粥样硬化发生的相关性及对冠状动脉病变的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年4月至2014年3月在中国人民解放军总医院行冠状动脉CT血管成像和血生化检查的无症状体检者401例,根据检查结果分为粥样硬化组(n=224)和对照组(n=177),比较两组相关危险因素、脂质及Apo水平,找出预测冠状动脉粥样硬化的最佳血脂指标。结果 粥样硬化组ApoB、ApoC2、ApoC3、ApoE水平及ApoB/ApoA1比值均显著高于对照组(P均＜0.01),ApoA1、ApoA2及脂蛋白a水平两组间差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、男性、高血压病史、ApoC3(OR=1.572,95%CI 1.200～2.061)及ApoB/ApoA1(OR=1.767,95%CI 1.335～2.338)是本研究人群冠状动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(P均＜0.01)。预测冠状动脉病变的受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,ApoB的曲线下面积最大,最佳截断点为1.005 g/L。结论 ApoC3与亚临床期冠状动脉粥样硬化关系密切,这一时期ApoA1降低并不明显,ApoB较其他脂类指标对无症状非糖尿病人群冠状动脉病变有很强的预测价值。     

血清同型半胱氨酸对非糖尿病冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环的影响

目的探讨非糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸浓度与冠状动脉侧支循环形成的关系。方法连续收集非糖尿病的冠心病患者63例，3支主要冠状动脉中至少有1支狭窄达90％以上，采用酶联免疫法测定其血清同型半胱氨酸浓度，按照Rentrop方法对冠状动脉侧支循环进行分级。结果CCC0级组和CCCl级组血清同型半胱氨酸水平（13．28±2．85μmol／L，12．19±2．61μmol／L）明显高于CCC2级组和CCC3级组（11．10±2．25μmol／L，8．92±1．23μmol／L，P=0．000）。按血清同型半胱氨酸浓度将患者分为正常浓度组和高浓度组2个亚组，高同型半胱氨酸血症患者在侧支形成不良组的分布高于侧支形成良好组（P=0．029）。结论在严重冠状动脉狭窄病变的非糖尿病患者中，高同型半胱氨酸血症可能是冠状动脉侧支形成的一个不利因素。     

Effect of Lisinopril on the progression of renal insufficiency in mild proteinuric non-diabetic nephropathies.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine whether Lisinopril, an ACE-inhibitor (ACEi), was more effective than other antihypertensive agents in slowing the progression of non-diabetic chronic renal diseases in patients with baseline proteinuria < or =1.0 g/day. METHODS: In an open, multicentre study all eligible patients entered a 3 months run-in phase during which antihypertensive therapy (with exclusion of ACEi) was adjusted in order to obtain a supine diastolic blood pressure < or =90 mmHg and urinary protein excretion and renal function stability were verified. One hundred and thirty-one patients with chronic renal insufficiency (Clcr between 20-50 ml/min) because of primary renoparenchymal diseases and proteinuria < or =1.0 g/day, were randomized to Lisinopril (L=66) or alternative antihypertensive therapy (C=65). Changes in renal function were assessed by inulin (Clin) clearance. RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 22.5+/-5.6 months, Clin did not change significantly in group L (-1.31+/-0.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) differing significantly from group C in which it declined markedly (-6.71+/-3.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) (P<0.04). Seven patients experienced adverse events that prompted discontinuation of treatment: four in group L and three in group C; in addition seven patients showed severe deterioration in renal function requiring dialysis: two in group L and five in group C. The overall risk of the combined end-points: need for dialysis or halving of GFR was significantly higher in group C versus group L. During the study the mean value for systolic blood pressure was 137.8+/-14.6 SD mmHg in group L and 140.8+/-14.1 SD mmHg in group C; the mean difference between groups, during and at the end of the study, was 2 mmHg (NS). The mean diastolic blood pressure during the study was 83.8+/-8.6 SD mmHg in group L and 84.3+/-7.56 SD mmHg in group C; during and at the end of the study the mean diastolic difference between groups was 1 mmHG: CONCLUSION: This study, employing a sensitive measurement of renal function and with similar blood pressure in both groups, provides support to the hypothesis that ACEi have a specific renoprotective effect, in addition to blood pressure control, also in patients with mild proteinuria.     

Relationship of insulin clearance and secretion to insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic Mexican Americans

The antecedents of type II diabetes, while still controversial, are thought to involve decreased insulin sensitivity and compensatory hypersecretion of insulin. Mexican Americans have a three-fold excess risk of type II diabetes and non-diabetic Mexican Americans are characterized by hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance. Few data exist, however, on whether there are defects in insulin secretion and/or clearance in this population. We examined insulin sensitivity, secretion and clearance using combined insulin and C-peptide measurements analysed by the minimal model technique of Bergman and colleagues in 10 non-obese, normoglycaemic Mexican Americans and 11 age, sex and obesity-matched non-Hispanic whites. Mexican Americans had significantly decreased insulin sensitivity (SI 4.06 s. 7.56, P = 0.017), higher first phase insulin secretion (1.03 nM vs. 0.72 nM) and decreased insulin clearance (0.099 vs. 0.161) than non-Hispanic whites. Thus, normal Mexican Americans have higher rather than lower insulin secretion suggesting that lower insulin sensitivity may be an early defect in this ethnic group. In addition, they have reduced insulin clearance. Moreover, insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance were positively correlated. We thus speculate that decreased insulin clearance may represent a further autoregulatory mechanism in addition to increased insulin secretion to compensate for decreased insulin sensitivity.     

Diabetes,prediabetes and uricaemia

Summary Three diabetes surveys carried out at two yearly intervals on 10000 men aged 40 years and over have enabled us to compare four groups of subjects with regard to their serum uric acid level in relation to carbohydrate metabolism. Prediabetics, that is, persons who screened negative at previous surveys and subsequently developed diabetes, had a higher mean uric acid level than normals (p < 0.001). Their uric acid level was considerably higher than in diabetics, who had a mean value lower than normals (up top < 0.001). Men, without diabetes, but having an abnormal GTT were found to have a mean value higher than the normals at each survey.     

入院血糖对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者冠脉病变及预后的影响

目的探讨非糖尿病患者入院时血糖水平与急性心肌梗死（AMI）冠脉病变程度及预后的关系。方法根据入院时血糖水平将94例经皮介入治疗（PCI）的非糖尿病的AMI患者分为2组,A组48例（血糖〈7.8 mmol/L）,B组46例（血糖≥7.8 mmol/L）。对比两组病人的平均住院日、射血分数、溶栓再通率、严重心律失常发生率、病死率及冠脉造影结果。结果 B组患者的射血分数明显低于A组、病死率明显高于A组（P〈0.05）,但两组患者的平均住院时间、溶栓再通率、严重心律失常发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;B组发生多支血管病变的比例明显高于A组（P〈0.05）。结论非糖尿病AMI患者入院时血糖高者往往伴有多支血管病变,其心功能差,病死率高,入院时血糖水平可作为非糖尿病AMI患者预后判断的重要指标之一。     

Differences in trends in estimated incidence of myocardial infarction in non-diabetic and diabetic people: Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) registry

Aims/hypothesis  One major objective of the St Vincent Declaration was to reduce the excess risk of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. We estimated the trend of the incidence and relative risk of myocardial infarction in the diabetic and non-diabetic populations in southern Germany from 1985 to 2006. Methods  Using data from the Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) Project in southern Germany, we ascertained all fatal and non-fatal first myocardial infarctions between 1985 and 2006 (n = 14,891, age 25–74 years). We estimated the diabetic and the non-diabetic populations using data on diabetes prevalence from surveys, and evaluated incidence of myocardial infarction in the two estimated populations. To test for time trends, we fitted Poisson regression models. Results  Of individuals with first myocardial infarction, 71% were male and 28% known to have diabetes. In the non-diabetic population, myocardial infarction incidence decreased by about 1.5% to 2.0% per year. A comparable decrease was seen in the population of diabetic women. However, in the population of diabetic men, incidence of myocardial infarction increased by about 1% per year. Over the whole study period, myocardial infarction incidence decreased by 34% and 27% in non-diabetic men and women respectively (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.59–0.74 and 0.73, 0.62–0.87 respectively). In diabetic women, it decreased by 27% (RR 0.73, 0.61–0.88), whereas in diabetic men, it increased by 25% (RR 1.25, 1.07–1.45). Conclusions/interpretation  Our results suggest that the St Vincent goal of reducing excess cardiovascular morbidity in diabetic individuals has not been achieved and that the situation in men has actually got worse.     

糖尿病患者并发非糖尿病性肾脏病变的特点分析及临床表现

目的探讨糖尿病患者并发非糖尿病性肾脏病变的特点及临床表现。方法对我院16例确诊为糖尿病且并发非糖尿病性肾脏病变的患者临床资料进行整理分析,总结病变特点及临床表现。结果临床表现:青年群体(3例)肾病综合征1例,慢性肾炎综合征2例;中年群体(9例)中慢性肾衰竭1例,急性肾衰竭1例,肾病综合征2例,慢性肾炎综合征4例,隐匿性肾炎1例;老年患者(4例)中慢性肾衰竭2例,肾病综合征2例,其中以慢性肾炎综合征发病率最高,其次为肾病综合征及慢性肾衰竭(P<0.05);病理:青年及中年NDRD患者较老年患者更易患IgA肾病(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病并发NDRD的青年患者表现多为慢性肾炎,中年患者病情复杂,老年患者主要为慢性肾衰竭及肾病综合征。青年及中年患者病理类型多为IgA肾病,老年多为膜性肾病。