呋麻滴鼻剂对儿童鼻黏膜纤毛传输功能的影响

目的:研究呋麻滴鼻剂对儿童鼻黏膜纤毛传输功能的影响。方法:选择咽鼓管功能不良但无鼻病的10～14岁儿童60例,给予呋麻滴鼻剂滴鼻(3次/d、2滴/次,持续10d),用药前、用药10d后、停药1个月后用糖精试验法测定鼻黏膜纤毛输送率。结果:用药前鼻黏膜纤毛运动速度平均为(12.6±3.8)mm/min,呋麻滴鼻剂滴鼻后平均为(8.0±2.1)mm/min,两者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)停药后1个月平均为(11.2±2.5)mm/min,与给药前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:呋麻滴鼻剂之类的鼻腔黏膜局部减充血剂持续使用10d,对鼻腔纤毛清除功能造成可逆性损害。     

Evaluation of wound healing activity of some herbal formulations

The wound healing activity of two herbal formulations (Himax ointment and lotion) containing Indradaru extract, i.e. Arjuna bark (Terminalia arjuna, Family-Combretaceae), extract was evaluated for its wound healing potential in two types of wound models in rats (i) excision wound model and (ii) incision wound model. Both the formulations responded significantly in both the wound models tested. The results were also comparable to that of the standard drug nitrofurazone used as a standard drug for comparison in this present investigation. The results were also comparable in terms of wound contracting ability, epithelization period, tensile strength and regeneration of tissues at the wound area. Thus, this investigation con fi rms the use of the Himax ointment and lotion containing Terminalia arjuna extract as a wound-healing agent as known from folklore medicine.     

Effect of nitrofurazone on the reproductive organs in adult male mice

Aim: To study the effect of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone (nitrofurazone), a derivative of nitrofuran, on male reproductive organs of Parkes (P) strain mice. Methods: Mice were given nitrofurazone orally at a dose of 64mg/kg body weight per day, for 10 and 20 days, and were killed 24 h and/or 56 days after the last treatment. Histological appearance of testis, motility and number of spermatozoa in cauda epididymidis, and biochemical indices in epididymis and seminal vesicle were evaluated. Results: Histologically, testis showed marked regressive changes in the seminiferous tubules in mice treated with nitrofurazone. Ten days after treatment, there was much depletion of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, and the germinal epithelium was lined mainly with Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and a few round spermatids; intraepithelial vacuoles and multinucleated giant cells were also observed in tubules. By 20 days, regressive changes in the seminiferous tubules were further pronounced, and pachytene spennatocytes were the most advanced germ cells noticed in the tubules. In severe cases, the tubules were lined with a thin layer of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. The treatment also caused marked reductions in the motility and number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis, in weight and the level of fructose in the seminal vesicle, and in sialic acid level in the epididymis. Fifty six days after drug withdrawal, the alterations induced in the reproductive organs returned to control levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that nitrofurazone treatment in P mice induces marked alterations in the male reproductive organs, and that the alterations are reversible following cessation of treatment.     

Contact allergy to furazolidone

A case of occupational contact allergy to furazolidone, used as an animal feed additive and as an antimicrobial drug in veterinary medicine, is described. The patient did not react to furazolidone 2% pet. Using PEG-400 and alcohol as patch test vehicles resulted in positive patch test reactions. No cross-reactions were observed to other nitrofuran derivatives (nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin) or to furfural. The literature on contact allergy to nitrofurans is reviewed.     

Evidence for the Involvement of a Nitrenium Ion in the Covalent Binding of Nitrofurazone to DNA

We have shown that the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed anaerobic reduction of nitrofurazone in the presence of added DNA leads to the formation of covalently bound adducts. Further, by systematically decreasing the pH of the reaction mixture, we have demonstrated that generation of the reactive species is facilitated under mildly acidic conditions. From these observations, we conclude that it is the nitrenium ion formed from nitrofurazone which binds to DNA.     

布地奈德鼻喷雾剂联合呋麻滴鼻液治疗支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的探讨研究布地奈德鼻喷雾剂联合0.5%呋麻滴鼻液治疗支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法本院于2010年1月-2012年12月收治支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的患者114例,随机分为布地奈德组联合呋麻组（A组）和呋麻组（B组）,每组57例。A组采用布地奈德鼻喷雾剂和0.5%呋麻滴鼻液联合治疗的方法,B组仅给与0.5%呋麻滴鼻液进行治疗,治疗疗程为4周。观察两组治疗前后的肺功能情况,分析两组患者临床症状评分。结果两组患者治疗后的肺功能情况包括（PEFR,FEV1,PEF）和临床症状评分与治疗前比较具有显著差异,A组的肺功能改善情况和临床症状评分明显优于B组,差异具有统计学意义,P均〈0.05,结论布地奈德鼻喷雾剂联合0.5%呋麻滴鼻液治疗支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎不失为一种较佳的方法,不仅能改善临床症状和肺功能,而且疗效显著,在临床上值得推广应用。     

呋喃西林对西妥昔单抗致皮肤不良反应的疗效观察

目的：探讨呋喃西林溶液湿敷对西妥昔单抗联合化疗所致恶性肿瘤患者皮肤反应的临床疗效。方法：将108例西妥昔单抗联合化疗的肿瘤患者,随机分为两组（干预组58例、对照组50例）,对照组给予常规护理,干预组应用呋喃西林溶液局部湿敷,每日早晚各1次,静脉输注西妥昔单抗药物后3d内每日中午加敷1次,观察5d 、10d两组皮疹变化。结果：给予治疗后两组患者皮疹的消退时间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,干预组5d后显效率达89.6%,10d后痊愈34.4%,显效达65.6%,皮疹消退与痒感明显好于对照组。结论：呋喃西林溶液湿敷治疗西妥昔单所致的皮肤不良反应,疗效确切,安全经济,操作简便,值得临床应用。     

Some effects of furazolidone on the testis and plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin in mature male turkeys

Adult male turkeys were treated orally with furazolidone at doses of 1, 2.5, S or 20 mg/kg for 14 days and their plasma analysed for luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and prolactin (PRL) concentrations before, during and after treatment. At 20 mg/kg the drug produced a significant decrease in the plasma levels of LH and testosterone at the end of treatment, whereas at 5 mg/kg the drug had no significant effect. Prolactin concentrations were unaffected by any of the drug doses used. Intramuscular injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) at a dose of 5 μg/kg produced after 30 min a significant rise in plasma levels of LH, an effect that was decreased significantly by treatment with 20 mglkg furazolidone. Incubation of normal turkey semen with graded doses of furazolidone or nitrofura-zone for up to 30 min resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in sperm motility. At a concentration of 20 mg/ml a complete absence of sperm motility was observed after incubation with either drug, although, on the whole, nitrofurazone seemed more potent than furazolidone as a sperm-immobilizing agent. Histological changes occured in the 20 mg/kg group and consisted of a decrease in spermatocyte production, corrugation of sperm cell nuclear envelopes and distention of the endoplasmic reticulum of elongate spermatids. It is concluded that furazolidone depresses pituitary LH output but may, in addition, directly affect spermatogenesis and sperm motility.     

Development of a highly sensitive icELISA to detect semicarbazide based on a monoclonal antibody

A highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody was prepared to detect semicarbazide (SEM). Hapten 4-{[(aminocarbonyl)hydrazono]methyl}benzoic acid (4-CPSEM) was synthesised through the condensation reactions of SEM and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA). The active ester method was employed to couple the hapten to bovine serum albumin, keyhole limpet hemocyanin and ovalbumin (OVA) to obtain conjugates of immunogens and coating antigens. A novel hapten 2-[(aminocarbonyl)hydrazono]acetic acid (SEM-A) was also synthesised from SEM and oxoacetic acid to prepare a heterologous coating antigen (SEM-A-OVA). The linear ranges of inhibition curves in the optimised indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) method were in the range of 0.0071–0.056 ng mL^?1 and 0.018–0.209 ng mL^?1 for coating antigens SEM-A-OVA and 4-CPSEM-OVA, respectively. The IC₅₀ was 0.019 ng mL^?1 for SEM (SEM in the form of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone) and 0.13 ng mL^?1 for 2-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone, both of which were well below the minimum required performance limit of 1 µg·kg^?1 set by the European Commission.     

吐温-80对呋喃西林溶液稳定性的影响

目的考察超声条件下不同浓度吐温-80对呋喃西林的增溶作用,筛选吐温-80的最佳用量,提高呋喃西林溶液的稳定性。方法用超声振荡仪将呋喃西林进一步粉碎成更细小的微粒,加入吐温-80做增溶剂配制呋喃西林溶液,样品置2-8℃的低温环境中冷贮3个月观察稳定性。结果加入0.5%吐温-80制备的呋喃西林溶液析出结晶少于对照品;加入1.0%与2%吐温-80制备的呋喃西林溶液无结晶析出,含量符合规定。结论吐温-80能增加呋喃西林的溶解度,用于呋喃西林溶液的制备能提高制剂稳定性。