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Objectives: The aims of this paper are to provide an overview of neuroimaging findings specific to bipolar disorder and suicide, and to consider rational approaches to the design of future in vivo studies in youth at risk.
Methods: Neuroimaging and related neurobiological literature pertaining to bipolar disorder and suicide in adult and pediatric samples was reviewed in a non-quantitative manner.
Results: Specific structural and functional brain findings in bipolar disorder are described, where possible in the context of relevant current neurobiological theories of etiology. Diagnostic and prognostic implications are discussed.
Conclusions: The simultaneous use of complementary neurobiological approaches may be a powerful way of identifying and validating factors reliably associated with bipolar disorder and suicide. A profile of neurobiological markers with which to screen for bipolar disorder and suicide risk may provide for earlier and more accurate diagnosis, perhaps even in the pre- or subsyndromal stages in high-risk youth. 相似文献
Methods: Neuroimaging and related neurobiological literature pertaining to bipolar disorder and suicide in adult and pediatric samples was reviewed in a non-quantitative manner.
Results: Specific structural and functional brain findings in bipolar disorder are described, where possible in the context of relevant current neurobiological theories of etiology. Diagnostic and prognostic implications are discussed.
Conclusions: The simultaneous use of complementary neurobiological approaches may be a powerful way of identifying and validating factors reliably associated with bipolar disorder and suicide. A profile of neurobiological markers with which to screen for bipolar disorder and suicide risk may provide for earlier and more accurate diagnosis, perhaps even in the pre- or subsyndromal stages in high-risk youth. 相似文献
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Matthew S. Lebowitz 《Clinical psychology》2014,21(1):67-83
Psychopathology is increasingly conceptualized as a biological phenomenon. The consequences of this conceptual shift for the general public's beliefs and attitudes regarding mental illness have been the subject of considerable study, but effects among individuals who suffer from mental disorders have received less attention. This review considers recent observational and experimental studies of the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors associated with biological conceptions of psychopathology among affected individuals. Included in the review is research that has examined the implications of such conceptualizations for prognostic beliefs, internalization of stigmatizing attitudes, treatment usage and other behaviors and intentions, and perspectives on the use of biomedical technologies in mental health. Potential conclusions, limitations of the existing literature, and considerations for future studies are discussed. 相似文献
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Mark J. Blechner 《Contemporary psychoanalysis》2013,49(3):306-310
The ideal psychoanalytic institute will prepare outstanding clinicians of varied backgrounds, who can exchange insights about how each culture produces different conditions for mental health. The ideal institute will also do clinical outcome research, to insure the survival of the psychoanalytic field. Candidates would not only learn psychoanalytic ideas, but also see them in the context of findings from other fields, including experimental psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, sexology, and literature. 相似文献
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Independent component analysis of resting state activity in pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder 下载免费PDF全文
Patricia Gruner An Vo Miklos Argyelan Toshikazu Ikuta Andrew J. Degnan Majnu John Bart D. Peters Anil K. Malhotra Aziz M. Uluğ Philip R. Szeszko 《Human brain mapping》2014,35(10):5306-5315
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is an often severely disabling illness with onset generally in childhood or adolescence. Little is known, however, regarding the pattern of brain resting state activity in OCD early in the course of illness. We therefore examined differences in brain resting state activity in patients with pediatric OCD compared with healthy volunteers and their clinical correlates. Twenty‐three pediatric OCD patients and 23 healthy volunteers (age range 9–17), matched for sex, age, handedness, and IQ completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging exam at 3T. Patients completed the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Scale. Data were decomposed into 36 functional networks using spatial group independent component analysis (ICA) and logistic regression was used to identify the components that yielded maximum group separation. Using ICA we identified three components that maximally separated the groups: a middle frontal/dorsal anterior cingulate network, an anterior/posterior cingulate network, and a visual network yielding an overall group classification of 76.1% (sensitivity = 78.3% and specificity = 73.9%). Independent component expression scores were significantly higher in patients compared with healthy volunteers in the middle frontal/dorsal anterior cingulate and the anterior/posterior cingulate networks, but lower in patients within the visual network. Higher expression scores in the anterior/posterior cingulate network correlated with greater severity of compulsions among patients. These findings implicate resting state fMRI abnormalities within the cingulate cortex and related control regions in the pathogenesis and phenomenology of OCD early in the course of the disorder and prior to extensive pharmacologic intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5306–5315, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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肌源神经营养因子修复大鼠周围神经损伤 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:观察肌源神经营养因子(MDNF)对大鼠周围神经损伤修复的影响+方法:从成鼠骨骼肌中提取出MDNF,取10μL MDNF(0+1mg/L)注射到大鼠坐骨神经损伤段为实验组,同时设实验对照组(注射生理盐水)和正常对照组+术后20d用辣根过氧化物酶示踪法(HRP)、尼氏染色法、特殊三色染色法对再生神经进行形态学观察和计量学统计.结果:注射MDNF的周围神经损伤部有再生的神经纤维通过;MDNF组的再生神经在形态学及计量学上均优于生理盐水组.结论:肌源神经营养因子对周围神经损伤后的修复有较好的促进作用. 相似文献
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Larisa T. McLoughlin Zack Shan Kathryn M. Broadhouse Natalie Winks Gabrielle Simcock Jim Lagopoulos Daniel F. Hermens 《Human brain mapping》2020,41(6):1495-1504
There is a dearth of research that has investigated the neural correlates of cyberbullying, using task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and, specifically, in a real‐time context such as observing cyberbullying scenarios. This article presents pilot data from a novel protocol designed to undertake such research with the overall aim being to elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of cyberbullying via task‐based fMRI (tb‐fMRI)) in passive cyberbystanders. Young adults (N = 32, 18 to 25 years old) viewed six negative (cyberbullying) and six neutral stimuli from the Cyberbullying Picture Series (CyPicS) while undergoing tb‐fMRI. Our results revealed 12 clusters of significantly greater blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) responses (family wise error corrected p FWE < .05) in participants when viewing cyberbullying stimuli compared to neutral stimuli, across a distributed network of regions including left and right middle temporal gyrus, default mode network hubs, left and right posterior cerebellum/vermis, and putamen. Further analysis also revealed greater BOLD response in females compared to males, as well as in those with no prior experience of cyberbullying compared to those with prior experience (despite gender), when viewing the cyberbullying stimuli compared to the neutral stimuli. These results bring us closer to understanding the neurobiological underpinnings that may be associated with cybervictim/bully status and outcomes. 相似文献
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Chihiro Takasaki Miwako Yamasaki Motokazu Uchigashima Kohtarou Konno Yuchio Yanagawa Masahiko Watanabe 《The European journal of neuroscience》2010,32(8):1326-1336
Neuronal cell bodies are associated with glial cells collectively referred to as perineuronal satellite cells. One such satellite cell is the perineuronal oligodendrocyte, which is unmyelinating oligodendrocytes attaching to large neurons in various neural regions. However, little is known about their cellular characteristics and function. In this study, we identified perineuronal oligodendrocytes as 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase‐positive cells attaching to neuronal perikarya immunostained for microtubule‐associated protein 2, and examined their cytochemical and cytological properties in the mouse cerebral cortex. 2′,3′‐Cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase‐positive perineuronal oligodendrocytes were immunonegative to representative glial markers for astrocytes (brain‐type lipid binding protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglia (Iba‐1) and NG2+ glia. However, almost all perineuronal oligodendrocytes expressed glia‐specific or glia‐enriched metabolic enzymes, i.e. the creatine synthetic enzyme S‐adenosylmethionine:guanidinoacetate N‐methyltransferase and l ‐serine biosynthetic enzyme 3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. As to molecules participating in the glutamate–glutamine cycle, none of the perineuronal oligodendrocytes expressed the plasmalemmal glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT‐1, although nearly half of the perineuronal oligodendrocytes were immunopositive for glutamine synthetase. Cytologically, perineuronal oligodendrocytes were mainly distributed in deep cortical layers (layers IV–VI), and attached directly and tightly to neuronal cell bodies, making a long concave impression to the contacting neurons. Interestingly, they attached more to glutamatergic principal neurons than to GABAergic interneurons, and this became evident at postnatal day 14, when the cerebral cortex develops and maturates. These cytochemical and cytological properties suggest that perineuronal oligodendrocytes are so differentiated as to fulfill metabolic support to the associating principal cortical neurons, rather than to regulate their synaptic transmission. 相似文献