家长对小学生近视的知信行分析

目的 了解保定市小学生家长关于小学生近视知信行的相关现状及影响因素,制定有效干预措施,为预防儿童青少年近视提供有力依据。方法 运用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取保定市某小学一年级至六年级766名学生家长进行问卷调查。结果 小学生家长用眼卫生相关知识总正确率为64.90%。家长年龄越大、文化程度越高以及自身近视的家长掌握小学生近视的相关知识越多。家长年龄越大,督导孩子健康用眼的行为越易发生(P=0.027,OR=0.169)。结论 应多渠道对学生家长进行健康教育,为控制和预防小学生近视的发生与发展构建以家庭为主的第一道防线。     

近视性屈光参差的功能性磁共振成像研究

目的利用血氧水平依赖性功能性磁共振成像(BOLD-fMR I)技术,探索人类近视性屈光参差是否对大脑皮层功能和结构造成影响。方法采用无磁MR I专用眼镜纠正屈光不正,以1.5T磁共振成像系统采集8例近视性屈光参差者枕叶视皮层兴趣区BOLD-fMR I数据,比较双眼皮层激活部位及范围的不同,及视力较差眼屈光纠正前后皮层激活情况的变化,分析其改变特点及机制。结果矫正屈光基础上,近视性屈光参差者双眼激活范围没有明显差异(P>0.05);视力较差眼屈光矫正前后皮层激活范围有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论人类近视性屈光参差可能没有发生明显的皮层功能损害及优势眼的转移;配镜可明显提高视力较差眼的皮层激活,应尽早配镜或手术矫正。     

后巩膜加固术作用机制的实验研究

目的探讨后巩膜加固术的作用机制.方法24只家兔分为4组,以人巩膜为材料行插片法后巩膜加固术,分别于术后2,4,12和24周取标本,行肉眼观察及光镜、透射电镜检查.结果植片与宿主巩膜融合为一,"新巩膜"的厚度和硬度明显增加,抵抗力增强;局部血液循环改善.结论后巩膜加固术能加强薄弱的后部巩膜,改善眼球后部的血液供应,从而达到治疗病理性近视眼的目的.     

Dynamic profile of ocular refraction in pediatric cataract patients after lens surgeries

AIM: To study the change in ocular refraction in patients with pediatric cataracts (PCs) after lens extraction. METHODS: A total of 1258 patients who were undergoing cataract extraction with/without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were recruited during preoperative examinations between Jan 2010 and Oct 2013. Patient ages ranged from 1.5mo to 14y. Follow-ups were conducted at 1wk, 1, and 3mo postoperatively and every 3mo in the first year, then 6mo thereafter. Ocular refraction [evaluated as spherical equivalent (SE)] and yearly myopic shift (YMS) were recorded and statistically analyzed among patients with age at surgery, baseline ocular refraction, gender, postoperative time and laterality (bilateral vs unilateral). RESULTS: By Dec 31st 2015, 1172 participants had been followed for more than 2y. The median follow-up period was 3y. The critical factors affecting the ocular refraction of PC patients were baseline ocular refraction, postoperative time for both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. YMS grew most rapidly in young childhood and early adolescence. CONCLUSION: After lens surgeries, ocular refraction in PC patients shows an individual difference of change. Further concerns should be raising to monitor the rapid myopic shift at early adolescence of these patients.     

Gender Effects Following Repeated Administration of Cocaine and Alcohol in Humans

Meta-analysis is applied to aggregate-level studies that model the demand for cigarettes using static, myopic, or rational addiction frameworks in an attempt to synthesize key findings in the literature and to identify determinants of the variation in reported price elasticity estimates across studies. The results suggest that the rational addiction framework produces statistically similar estimates to the static framework but that studies that use the myopic framework tend to report more elastic price effects. Studies that applied panel data techniques or controlled for cross-border smuggling reported more elastic price elasticity estimates, whereas the use of instrumental variable techniques and time trends or time dummy variables produced less elastic estimates. The finding that myopic models produce different estimates than either of the other two model frameworks underscores that careful attention must be given to time series properties of the data.     

Juvenile eye growth,when completed? An evaluation based on IOL‐Master axial length data,cross‐sectional and longitudinal

Purpose:  To test Sorsby’s classical statement of axial eye growth as completed at the age of 13 years, with a view also to differentiating between basic eye growth and juvenile elongation associated with eventual refractive change towards myopia. Methods:  (i) A total of 160 healthy eyes close to emmetropia were included in a cross‐sectional set‐up (age 4–20 years, 91 males, 69 females), and (ii) 78 longitudinal data sets (67 male and 11 female annual repeat exams over 2–7 years, n = 30; age span 4–19 years) were available for evaluating individual axial elongation. The IOL‐Master equipment was preferred for conventional ultrasound oculometry due to its extreme repeatability of measuring values, thus making it well fitted for evaluating very small differences. In particular, this had bearing for the decelerating end phase of growth in the longitudinal investigation. Results:  Sorby’s statement about age 13 as general limit found support from the cross‐sectional data, which suggested stable emmetropic eye size from about 11–12 years, with an average apparently outgrown male emmetropic value of 23.5 mm versus females’ 22.9 mm. The longitudinal data, however, showed emmetropic growth also beyond this age, with individual data to establish continued axial elongation also at age 13–18 years. The final basic teenage growth is however minute and without practical implications. Conclusions:  Individual ocular growth curves have indicated axial elongation to occur also after the age of 13 years. With regard to the – mainly academic – discrepancy between cross‐sectional and longitudinal results, bigger samples are needed, and the juvenile myopic trend has to be acknowledged.     

后巩膜加固术在高度近视性黄斑病变手术中的应用

近视性黄斑病变致盲率高,常用治疗手段为玻璃体切割术,然而单纯玻璃体切割术对于已出现严重后巩膜葡萄肿的超高度近视患者疗效欠佳。近年来临床应用玻璃体切割术联合后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视继发眼底病变,特别在黄斑劈裂及黄斑裂孔病例中,疗效肯定,前景可期。我们针对近年来后巩膜加固术的材料与术式变迁作一全面综述,并进一步讨论其应用于眼底手术中的发展远景。     

高度近视白内障患者超声乳化术后视力与黄斑区厚度的相关分析

目的：运用光学相干断层扫描术(OCT)回顾性分析高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后BCVA<0.3组和BCVA≥0.3组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,分析其与术后视力的相关性。

方法：本研究为回顾性临床研究,共纳入行白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入的高度近视白内障患者70例70眼,于术后1wk; 1,3mo进行随访,记录最佳校正视力(BCVA),并根据术后1wk BCVA分为BCVA<0.3组和BCVA≥0.3组,两组患者于术后1,3mo行OCT检查,测量黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度。采用相关分析研究术后BCVA恢复情况及其与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的相关性。

结果：患者术前,术后1wk; 1,3mo的BCVA<0. 05的眼的比分别为30%,14%,11%,7%。BCVA<0.3组术后1,3mo的黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较BCVA≥0.3组明显增加,两组术后3mo黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均较术后1mo明显降低(P<0.01)。术后3mo BCVA和OCT检查黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度之间存在统计学上显著相关(r=-0.716,P<0.05)。

结论：在本研究中,术后所有患者在3mo的随访时间内视力得到一定程度的提高,且术后OCT检查黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与术后视力的恢复情况相关。