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排序方式: 共有1094条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2.
R W Tennant 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》1991,18(4):322-323
The development of transgenic mouse lines with target genes that are suitable for tissue-specific mutagenesis studies is an important contribution to the field of environmental mutagenesis. These models can accommodate many of the questions relating to metabolism, distribution and relative potency of mutagens as well as providing a more comprehensive system for the identification of mutagens. However, the lesions that the field has learned about methods, development and validation from the use of in vitro systems must be applied to the development and validation of transgenic models. 相似文献
3.
Unpublished results from our laboratory showed that colchicine increased the incidence of hyperploid mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes when injected at the same time as human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the time of administering colchicine influenced the incidence of aneuploidy in MII oocytes. CD-1 mice were given pregnant mare's serum (PMS) and 48 hr later, HCG. An intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg/kg colchicine was given at +4, +2, 0, -2, or -4 hr relative to HCG. Oocytes were collected 17 hr post-HCG and processed, and chromosomes were subsequently C-banded. The percentage of hyperploid oocytes was 0.77, 2.56, 5.71, 7.79, 3.54, and 2.70 for control, +4, +2, 0, -2, or -4 hr pre/post-HCG, respectively. Chi-square analyses of these data demonstrated that colchicine significantly increases the proportion of aneuploid oocytes, and that the relative sensitivity of colchicine-induced aneuploidy depends upon the time that this drug is administered relative to HCG. 相似文献
4.
以正常人外周血淋巴细胞的SCE率作为细胞遗传学指标,研究了Na_2SeO_3与AFB_1相互作用对细胞遗传物质的影响。结果表明,一定浓度的Na_2SeO_3(10 ̄(-5)mol)对AFB_1所诱发的SCE有明显的抑制作用,但当浓度达到10 ̄(-2)mol时,细胞增殖受到抑制,到10 ̄(-1)mol时细胞出现毒性现象。提示Na_2SeO_3具有抑变和细胞毒性双相作用。所以在Na_2SeO_3与AFB_1相互作用的SCE实验中应避免Na_2SeO_3的浓度过高而损伤培养的细胞。 相似文献
5.
对地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)进行亚硝基胍和60Co诱变,获得一株γ PGA的高产菌株C9.γ PGA质量浓度由9.44g/L提高到19.76g/L,提高了109%.突变株传代10次,质量浓度保持基本稳定.通过正交试验和单因素试验对发酵培养基及发酵条件进行了优化.当发酵培养基中含柠檬酸12g/L、甘油80g/L、L 谷氨酸23g/L、氯化铵7g/L,pH7.0,装液量为50mL/250mL三角瓶,接种体积分数为5%时,37℃摇瓶发酵72h,γ PGA达到23.32g/L. 相似文献
6.
Ⅰ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)是一种Mr为50×103的单链糖蛋白,有379个氨基酸残基,3个N型糖基化位点。构建PAI-1糖基化突变体,以便研究糖链的功能。用寡核苷酸定位突变技术将3个糖基化位点209,265,329位进行突变,把3个糖基化位点都发生了突变的PAI-1cDNA组装到真核表达载体pSV2中,得到真核表达质粒pZH-p1-M3E;在二氢叶酸还原酶缺陷型中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHOdhfr-)中进行短暂表达,用发色底物法和夹心ELISA方法检测培养液中PAI-1的活性和含量。结果:糖基化位点突变的PAI-1能在CHO细胞中表达,但表达水平及活性较低。非糖基化PAI-1的活性和抗原分别为4.34IU/ml和3.15μg/L结论:用寡核苷酸定位突变方法获得了PAI-1糖基化突变体,并且在CHO细胞中得到表达。 相似文献
7.
8.
Fimognari C Berti F Cantelli-Forti G Hrelia P 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2005,46(4):260-267
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are commonly found in cruciferous vegetables. A variety of biological activities have been ascribed to ITCs, such as inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes in animal models. ITCs are also able to block cell-cycle progression and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the ITC sulforaphane to protect cultured human lymphocytes from micronucleus (MN) induction by four different mutagens: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), vincristrine (VIN), H(2)O(2) and mitomycin C (MMC). To understand the mechanisms of action of sulforaphane, the cultures were treated with the compound before, during and after treatment with the mutagens; in addition, the cultures were evaluated for the induction of apoptosis. Up to 10 microM, sulforaphane was non-genotoxic by itself, while 30 microM sulforaphane reduced the replicative index of the cells by more than 60%. Moreover, 1-10 microM sulforaphane reduced the MN frequency induced by EMS, VIN, H(2)O(2) and MMC in at least one of the treatment protocols; it had no effect on H(2)O(2)-MN induction in the post-treatment protocol, and it increased MN induction by MMC in the pre-treatment protocol. Apoptosis was produced in the cultures treated with sulforaphane alone. The fraction of apoptotic cells was increased after co- or post-treatment with sulforaphane and EMS and MMC, suggesting that sulforaphane-mediated apoptosis may remove highly damaged cells induced by these agents. Other mechanisms are involved in the anti-genotoxic activity of sulforaphane against VIN and H(2)O(2). Taken together, our findings indicate that under certain conditions sulforaphane possesses anti-genotoxic activity in vitro and that further studies are warranted to characterize this property in vivo. 相似文献
9.
Mutations in VMK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, affect microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity in Verticillium dahliae 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Rauyaree P Ospina-Giraldo MD Kang S Bhat RG Subbarao KV Grant SJ Dobinson KF 《Current genetics》2005,48(2):109-116
Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt diseases in a large variety of important crop plants.
Due to its persistence in the soil, control of Verticillium wilt relies heavily on soil fumigation. The global ban on methyl bromide, a highly effective soil fumigant, poses an urgent
need to develop alternative control measures against Verticillium wilt; and these might be more forthcoming with a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin
the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. In this study, we assessed the role in growth, development, and pathogenicity of VMK1, a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (hence, Verticillium
MAP Kinase 1). Disruption of VMK1 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, in two V. dahliae isolates, one from lettuce and the other from tomato, resulted in severely reduced virulence in diverse host plants, suggesting
that VMK1 is essential for pathogenicity and that the MAP kinase-mediated signaling pathway has a conserved role in fungal pathogenicity.
The vmk1 mutants also exhibited reduced conidiation and microsclerotia formation, suggesting that the gene is important for multiple
cellular processes.
P.R. and R.G.B. equally contributed to the work 相似文献
10.
Meng Q Walker DM Scott BR Seilkop SK Aden JK Walker VE 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2004,43(2):75-92
A multiplex PCR procedure for analysis of genomic DNA mutations in the mouse hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene was developed and then used with other established methods for the coincident identification of large- and small-scale genetic alterations in the Hprt gene of mutant T-cell isolates propagated from sham- and 1,3-butadiene (BD)-exposed mice and rats. The spectra data for RT-PCR/cDNA analysis and multiplex PCR of genomic DNA from Hprt mutants were combined, and statistical analyses of the mutant fractions for the classes of mutations identified in control versus exposed animals were conducted. Under the assumption that the mutant fractions are distributed as Poisson variates, BD exposure of mice significantly increased the frequencies of (1) nearly all types of base substitutions; (2) single-base deletions and insertions; and (3) all subcategories of deletions. Significantly elevated fractions of G:C-->C:G and A:T-->T:A transversions in the Hprt gene of BD-exposed mice were consistent with the occurrence of these substitutions as the predominant ras gene mutations in multiple tumor types increased in incidence in carcinogenicity studies of BD in mice. BD exposure of rats produced significant increases in (1) base substitutions only at A:T base pairs; (2) single-base insertions; (3) complex mutations; and (4) deletions (mainly 5' partial and complete gene deletions). Future coincident analyses of large- and small-scale mutations in rodents exposed to specific BD metabolites should help identify species differences in the sources of deletion mutations and other types of mutations induced by BD exposures in mice versus rats. 相似文献