致倦库蚊有机磷抗性相关扩增酯酶B基因的多样性

本实验从佛山和成都两地的致倦库蚊群体中筛选出３个酯酶类型不同的有机磷（ＯＰ）抗性品系，ＦＳ－１、ＦＳ－２和ＣＤ－１品系。各品系的酯酶基因Ｂ扩增水平、酯酶活性和ＯＰ抗性水平三者一致。各品系酯酶Ｂ基因限制性酶切片段比较分析表明，我国的ＯＰ抗生库蚊群体中不仅有世界性分布的酯酶Ｂ１和Ｂ２，而且在佛山和成都地区各有一个新的独立扩增的酯酶Ｂ，分别命名为Ｂ６和Ｂ７。     

A cytoskeletal actin gene in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Five actin genes have been identified in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , and a constitutively expressed actin gene has been chosen for detailed analysis. We have physically mapped and sequenced this gene and six associated cDNAs, including translated coding regions, as well as the 5 and 3 flanking sequences. Analysis of stage-specific RNA shows this gene to be present in all stages of mosquito development and in an established A. gambiae cell line, thus indicating a cytoskeietal actin. In the sequence of the translated coding region and in pattern of expression, this gene is very similar to the cytoskeietal actin genes of Droso-phila melanogaster , and in sequence, equally similar to the Artemia cytoskeietal actin gene 403 (99.2% identity among the three amino acid sequences). Sequencing of this A. gambiae actin gene (designated actWior its location in chromosome division 1D) and selected cDNAs shows that it possesses three alternative leader sequences; thus the gene appears to have three alternative promoters. These promoters should ultimately prove useful in the production of transgenic constructs for constitutive expression.     

复配杀虫母液灭蚊效果评价

目的 :评价复配杀虫母液灭蚊虫效果。方法 :设试验区和对照区 ,试验区用有效成分含量 2 0 %的复配杀虫母液按 5 m l/ m3超低容量喷雾 ;对照区用 2 0 % DDVP同浓度超低容量喷雾。结果 :复配杀虫母液超低容量喷雾 2 h后 ,蚊密度下降率为 93.3% ,RPI为 2 6 .7;4h后下降率为 98.3% ,RPI为 12 .4。结论 :复配杀虫母液用超低容量喷雾能迅速杀灭成蚊 ,是特殊情况下短时间内降低室内成蚊密度较为理想的杀虫药剂。     

凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐防治侵入实验小屋蚊虫的研究

1900年夏,在扬州市郊,利用特建的实验小屋,以牛为引诱动物,进行了凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐对侵入室内蚊虫毒杀和兴奋驱避作用的研究。按40mg ai/m~2处理1～84天后,结果表明对中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊均有较好的毒杀作用。毒杀作用下降主要表现在对外逃蚊虫上,而对留存在室内的蚊虫,毒杀效果持久、稳定,试验期间,留存室内的中华按蚊的死亡率均达80％以上,结果优于三带喙库蚊和同等剂量的溴氰菊酯乳剂。结果还表明,侵入处理小屋蚊虫数比对照小屋减少,窗阱外逃率大大高于对照小屋,说明凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐,对蚊虫具有兴奋驱避作用。     

A Quantitative Study of Specific Immunoglobulins to Mosquito Salivary Gland Antigen in Hypersensitive and Common Types of Mosquito Bite Reaction

This study was designed with two purposes: first, to elucidate immunologic mechanisms in different cutaneous reactions, particularly in hypersensitivity to mosquito bites, and, second, to develop a more reliable and safer method of identifying the causative species of mosquito in severe cases. The amounts of IgG, IgG₄ and IgE specific to the mosquito salivary gland extract of Aedes albopictus were determined in the sera of 116 volunteers with normal reactions, either immediate or delayed, and 4 patients with severe systemic symptoms caused by mosquito bites. Titers of IgG and IgE in the severe cases were considerably higher than in volunteers with normal reactions, but there were no differences in IgG, titers between the two groups. These results indicate that high titers of IgG and IgE may be involved in development of systemic symptoms in severe cases and verify the possibility of in vitro tests to identify causative species of the mosquito.     

广东省信宜市蚊媒种类密度初步调查

目的 调查广东省信宜市怀乡镇和水口镇蚊媒数量及种类分布。方法 怀乡镇检查猪场、猪栏和牛房中蚊媒的分布；水口镇以牛诱和猪栏检查的方法调查蚊媒的分布。于19：00～21：30点观察蚊媒出现的情况，并以捕蚊管捕捉蚊媒。对所捕按蚊进行计数、分类。结果 共捕获蚊媒602只，其中包含5个种：骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、多斑按蚊和嵌斑按蚊。三带喙库蚊为当地的优势蚊种，其占除阿蚊外总蚊量的90．8％。结论 三带喙库蚊为信宜市的优势蚊种。     

Compliance with malaria chemoprophylaxis and preventative measures against mosquito bites among Dutch travellers.

Summary Self-reported compliance with a malaria chemoprophylaxis regimen of proguanil (PG) plus chloroquine (CQ) was assessed in a cohort of 547 Dutch travellers who visited a single travel clinic when travelling to various areas endemic for falciparum malaria. 503 (92%) had taken PG/CQ prophylaxis, but only 326 (60%) reported regular and uninterrupted use throughout the journey and 4 weeks afterwards. Compliance differed by travel destination and was 45% in South America, 52% in West Africa, 53% in South-east Asia, 60% in the Indian Subcontinent and 78% in East Africa. Parasitologically confirmed falciparum malaria occurred in 5 travellers (0.9%), including 3 of 24 non-compliant travellers to West Africa (12.5%). Apart from destination, independent risk factors for non-compliance were young age, extensive travel experience and adventurous travel. Compliance with protection against mosquito bites was 80% for wearing long-sleeved shirts and long-legged trousers after sunset, 73% for use of repellents, 56% for sleeping under bednets and 37% for keeping the sleeping quarters free of mosquitoes. Although 440 travellers (80%) reported to have taken two or more of these measures at least once, only 88 (16%) had done so on a daily basis. Daily use of bednets was reported more frequently among subjects who were non-compliant with chemoprophylaxis. Compliance regarding malaria chemoprophylaxis should be improved, particularly in high-risk areas such as Sub-saharan Africa, with extra attention to young, adventurous travellers. More emphasis should be placed on prevention of Anopheles bites.     

三种蚊唾腺蛋白IgE亲和成分的初步分析

从我国分布较广的三种蚊中华按蚊、淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊中分离出唾液腺 ,制成唾腺蛋白粗提物 ,再应用ELISA、竞争抑制ELISA和免疫印迹试验分析其与IgE结合的组分。结果显示三种蚊唾腺蛋白含能与IgE结合的成分 ,以白纹伊蚊反应所呈现的A值最高 ;免疫印迹在三种蚊均显示 4条阳性带 ,中华按蚊和淡色库蚊相似 ,白纹伊蚊有 3条带差异 ,但其相对分子质量为 30 0 0 0～ 310 0 0组分阳性条带均出现于三种蚊唾腺蛋白     

大链壶菌感染对致倦库蚊幼虫生长发育的影响

目的：研究大链壶菌感染对致倦库蚊幼虫生长发育的影响。方法：分别观察被感染后0,24,48h蚊幼虫的体重、身长、龄期和死亡率,与同时收集的对照组相比。结果：大链壶菌感染初期对蚊幼虫的体重、龄期、死亡率的影响不明显;而被感染24,48h后,蚊幼虫体重、身长明显低于对照组,龄期发育延滞,死亡率显著升高;受感染的Ⅳ龄蚊幼虫不能成蛹并最终全部死亡。结论：大链壶菌感染对蚊幼虫的生长发育有明显的影响。     

蚊香烟尘和焦油的测定及对小鼠的影响

目的测定蚊香燃烧时产生的烟尘和焦油量,并研究其产生的毒性.方法采用物理方法测定三种类型蚊香的烟尘和焦油量,并用小鼠做经口和吸入毒性实验.结果不同类型的蚊香产生的烟尘和焦油量不同,微烟蚊香焦油含量是无烟蚊香的3倍,绿蚊香的焦油量比微烟蚊香高1倍.微香蚊香的烟尘量是无烟蚊香的4倍,绿/黄蚊香的烟尘量比微烟蚊香高1～3倍,小鼠经吸入3种蚊香不同浓度的烟尘后,出现不同程度的中毒症状,并导致体重降低,摄食量减少,高剂量时还可造成肺和气管充血或水肿等症状.结论不同类型的蚊香产生的烟尘和焦油量有很大差异,过多的烟尘和焦油量对小鼠健康会造成不同程度的影响,因此选择使用烟尘和焦油量适中的蚊香灭蚊有利于提高人们生活质量,减少对环境的污染.