In vivo and in vitro studies on the effects of mGnRH on oestradiol-17β inter-renal production in the female frog,Rana esculenta,during the post-reproductive period

Plasma oestradiol-17β was measured by RIA, in female, Rana esculenta, submitted to hypophysectomy, gonadectomy, or both, and treated with mammalian gonadotropinreleasing hormone (mGnRH), homologous pituitary homogenate, or both, during the post-reproductive period. In addition, the oestradiol-17β release was measured in in vitro incubations of ovaries or interrenals treated with mGnRH, pituitary, or both, during the same period. In vivo and in vitro mGnRH and/or pituitary directly stimulated the production of oestradiol-17β by the interrenal, but not by ovary, although the stimulatory effects of the pituitary are minor and delayed with respect to those of mGnRH. These results seem to indicate that mGnRH and pituitary, with probably different mechanisms, stimulate the interrenal to produce high levels of oestradiol which is involved in the post-reproductive refractoriness.     

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)纤溶酶PFE的分离纯化

目的从可口革囊星虫中分离纯化纤溶酶,并初步研究其酶学性质。方法实验以纤维蛋白平板法检测纤溶活性,采用匀浆、抽提离心、G-25脱盐、DEAE梯度洗脱等方法从可口革囊星虫中分离纯化出纤溶酶PFE,并进一步研究pH、温度、金属离子及抑制剂对该酶活性的影响。结果分离纯化得到纤溶酶PFE,SDS-PAGE法测得相对分子质量为35kDa左右。此外,其酶学性质研究结果表明:PFE的最适反应pH为7.4,酶活力在pH6.6～9.0时相对稳定;PFE在20～40℃条件下,酶活力保持相对稳定。Fe3+对酶活性有强烈的抑制作用,Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、K+、EDTA和β-巯基乙醇对酶活性均具有一定的抑制作用。结论可口革囊星虫中存在纤溶酶PFE,此酶可直接降解纤维蛋白,具有重要的临床开发价值。     

斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮的提取工艺研究＊

目的：优选斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法：采用分光光度法,通过单因素实验考察乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间以及液料比对斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度70%、提取4次,每次1 h、料液比为1：20。结论：采用最佳提取条件,得到的斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮含量为103.55 mg·g-1。     

Anxiolytic Properties of Myrica nagi Bark Extract

Myrica nagi Hook (syn. Myrica esculenta Buch. & Ham) (Myricaceae) is commonly known as box berry. The bark of Myrica nagi is used in the treatment of mental illness by different ethnic groups of the rural region of Orissa (India). In the present work, the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of an ethanol extract of M. nagi were analyzed at three different dosages (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) by elevated plus-maze, light/dark exploration test, tail suspension test, and the forced swimming model. Oral administration of the ethanol extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of M. nagi showed significant (p < 0.01) and dose-dependent anxiolytic activity by increasing time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and in the lit box indicating an anxiolytic effect. Nevertheless this treatment was unable to exhibit an effect identical to antidepressants in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Altogether, these results suggest an anxiolytic effect of the ethanol extract of M. nagi.     

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of five wild mushroom species with total bioactive contents

Abstract

Context: Recently, mushrooms are interesting natural products to be investigated due to exhibiting various bioactivities.

Objective: This study determines the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of various extracts of five wild mushroom species. In addition, the total bioactive contents, namely, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and lycopene along with phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined spectrophotometrically.

Materials and methods: Antioxidant activity was tested by using five complementary tests; namely, β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH^? scavenging, ABTS^?+ scavenging, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and metal chelating assays. The in vitro anticholinesterase activity was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes using the Ellman method. The spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and lycopene contents.

Results: The current study has shown that ethyl acetate extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (IC₅₀: 1.55?±?0.05?µg/mL) and Funalia trogii (Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer (IC₅₀: 4.31?±?0.18?µg/mL) exhibited good lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays supported this activity. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Funalia trogii and Ganoderma lucidum indicated good anticholinesterase activity. Ganoderma lucidum had rich phenolic and flavonoid contents, indicating 98.67?±?0.32?mg PEs/g extract and 160.38?±?1.25?mg QEs/g extract, respectively.

Discussion and conclusion: The results demonstrate that some of the mushroom species tested herein could be used in food and pharmaceutical industries as natural antioxidants.     

商陆皂苷甲对体外培养的人角质形成细胞增殖的影响

目的研究商陆皂甙甲(EsA)体外对人角质形成细胞(KC)增殖的影响,探讨其治疗银屑病的可能机制。方法外周血标本取自30例寻常型银屑病患者和20名健康献血员,以EsA与植物血凝素(phytohem agglutinin,PHA)协同刺激PBMC。皮肤标本取自10例行包皮环切术儿童。分离出正常人表皮KC与PBMC共育,加入设定浓度的EsA。MTT比色法检测细胞增殖率。结果在体外EsA显著抑制生长于KSFM的KC增殖;EsA浓度在5.0~10.0μg/ml时呈剂量依赖性非常显著抑制PBMC对KC的促增殖作用(P<0.01)。结论银屑病患者PBMC体外可明显刺激KC增殖。EsA可显著抑制生长于KSFM的KC增殖并可阻断或抑制PBMC对KC的促增殖作用。     

羊肚菌液体深层发酵条件

以羊肚菌为材料，研究了发酵过程中碳源、氮源、无机盐、培养条件对菌丝体生物量、胞外多糖的影响，以及发酵过程中菌丝体生物量、胞外多糖、总糖及还原糖质量浓度、培养基PH值的动态变化，并在此基础上确定了羊肚菌液体深层发酵的最佳条件。结果表明：羊肚菌液体深层发酵的最优培养基配比为：玉米粉4．0g／dL、葡萄糖1．0g／dL、黄豆粉2．0g／dL、酵母粉0．3g／dL、KH2PO4 0．2g／dL、MgSO4 0．1g／dL、CaSO4 0．1g／dL；最优培养条件为：24℃，起始pH5．8，250mL的摇瓶装液量为100mL，接种量10mL，摇瓶转速140r／min，发酵时间为108h。     

海、水产品中污染霍乱弧菌的鉴定和分子特征分析

目的 了解调查年份不同种类海、水产品中分离的霍乱弧菌的血清学分型、噬菌体-生物分型及毒力因子携带情况,分析海水产品污染状况与疫情的关系,为疫情预测和制定防治对策提供参考。方法 应用血清学分型及噬菌体-生物分型方法分析所分离菌株的生物表型,应用PCR方法检测毒力基因的携带情况。结果 检测的64株菌株中0139型菌株占48．44％（31／64）,01群小川型占31．25％（20／64）,01群稻叶型占20．31％（13／64）;01群噬菌体-生物分型显示均为非流行株;对61株菌毒力基因检测结果显示：0139霍乱弧菌毒力基因的检出率（83．33％）远高于01群小川型霍乱弧菌（15．38％）和01群稻叶型霍乱弧菌（11．11％）。结论 0139型霍乱弧菌主要存在于甲鱼、甲鱼养殖水及甲壳类海水产品中,而且多为产毒株,这些海、水产品是预防和控制霍乱疫情的重要环节。     

野生金乌贼蛋白质和脂肪酸成分分析与评价

<正>金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)俗称乌鱼、墨鱼、乌子、针墨鱼,属头足纲(Cephalopoda)、乌贼目(Sepioidea)、乌贼科(Sepiidae)、乌贼属(Sepia),在我国广泛分布于渤海、黄海、东海、南海[1],是重要的经济头足类。     

Study of frog (Rana esculenta) proopiomelanocortin processing in the intermediate pituitary Identification of α-melanotropin, β-melanotropin,Lys-γ-melanotropin,and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide

The proteolytic processing of frog (Ranu esculenta) proopiomelanocortin in melanotropic cells of the intermediate pituitary gland has been examined through purification of the mature fragments by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and microsequencing of isolated peptides. α-Melanotropin, β-melanotropin, Lys-γ-melanotropin, corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide, and hinge peptide have been isolated and chemically characterized. The results show a high preservation in the processing sites of frog proopiomelanotropin when compared to bovine counterparts. They reveal also a great conservation of the processing enzyme equipment of melanotropic cells in tetrapods species. Identification of Lys-γ-melanotropin suggests the occurrence of an endopeptidase able to cleave between two basic residues. On the other hand α-melanotropin does not appear to be N-acetylated, as previously found in the clawed-toad Xenopus laevis, and this feature might distinguish amphibian from mammalian proopiomelanocortin processing.