刍议研究生科学道德和学风教育质量管理体系之构建

研究生科学道德和学风建设是学位与研究生教育的重要组成部分。针对近年来科学研究和学术活动中各种违背科学道德和学术规范的行为时有发生,国家教育部对研究生科学道德和学风建设日益重视,因此构建研究生的科学道德和学风教育质量管理体系具有十分重要的意义。实现研究生科学道德和学风教育质量体系的方针和目标需具备三个要素,即教育实践的模式(集主题教育、方法学习、学术实践三位一体)、有效性评价机制和绩效考核机制。此外,尚需建立体系优化机制,以适应各种内外部因素的变化,保持体系的更新和优化。     

大学生性行为及性道德观发展研究

目的 了解当代大学生性行为及性道德观念的发展变化。方法 自制问卷，对全国9所高校的2000余名大学生进行调查，并用SPSS10．0对结果进行统计处理。结果 大学生性交行为发生率呈逐年上升趋势，且随年级上升而增加；大学生认可性交行为道德观的5个雏度，但各年级之间有差异；大学生边缘性行为和独自性行为发生率随年级显著上升，认可度也随年级增加而上升；大学生对同性性接触基本持排斥态度，但排斥态度则趋于下降。结论 大学生性行为和性道德随年级上升而明显变化，应加强学校教育和引导。     

Moral reasoning as a catalyst for cultural competence and culturally responsive care

The importance of developing cultural competence among healthcare professionals is well recognized. However, the widespread reports of insensitivity and deficiencies in care for culturally diverse patients illuminate the need to review how cultural competence development is taught, learnt and applied in practice. Unless we can alter the ‘hearts and minds’ of practising nurses to provide the care that they know they should, culturally insensitive care will continue operating in subtle ways. This paper explores the ideas behind nurses’ actions and omissions when caring for culturally diverse patients and proposes the need to examine cultural competence development through a moral reasoning lens. Examining cultural competence development through a moral reasoning lens can help empower nurses, whilst nurturing commitment and courage to providing quality care that meets the needs of culturally diverse patients. The model of morality provides a framework that explores how moral motivation and behaviour occur and can provide a vehicle for critically examining the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to provide culturally responsive care.     

从古典医籍看古代医德观

中国古代医学典籍中有大量篇章论述了中国传统医德伦理思想,本文试图从中发掘出它对医德思想的创立,发展及促进作用,探讨其对社会主义医德的借鉴作用。     

谈医务人员的医德导向问题

随着历史的变革,人们的道德取向发生了变化。面对商品经济大潮的冲击,医务工作者应树立什么样的医德观,塑造什么样的医护形象,对此,认为一是应加强医德导向,二是增强医德意识,三是坚持医德评价,以提高遵守社会主义医德规律的自觉性     

增强"思想品德"课育人实效性的初探

《思想品德修养》课作为高等院校教育的不可或缺重要部分，对提高受教育者的思想道德觉悟，造就“四有”新人“主阵地”作用，德育教育的基点应放在人的行为的培养和活动中。     

Human vulnerabilities,transgression and pleasure

In the face of the ‘obesity epidemic’ public health has largely failed to engage with the human pleasures that surround eating. Pleasures are often linked to vulnerabilities and frailties that are part of being human. We argue in this paper that leaving human vulnerabilities and the pleasures that haunt them under-acknowledged and under-examined within public health contributes to the problems that public health tries to solve. While in some quarters debates revolve around the best ways of encouraging people to become responsible for and modify their own behaviour, the well-documented centuries of struggle with managing human vulnerabilities and pleasures helps to explain why this is no easy task. The mantra of restraint, reason, and rationality is very limited in the face of the importance of some pleasures, even small ones, in human lives. In unequal societies, people have unequal access to pleasures. People are presented with a landscape of temptation, encouraged to consume, and then unequally admonished for indulging according to their means. Understanding and democratising pleasures will involve public health grappling with pleasures, and all those concerned with health inequity asking hard questions about ethics, morality, and intervention.     

Drinking and moral order: Drunken comportment revisited

MacAndrew and Edgerton's seminal Drunken Comportment revealed that normative expectations to drunken behaviour differ greatly across cultures. Such variation also exists within cultures, where different drinking contexts may be associated with great normative variation. However, why social regulation of drunken comportment varies has largely been left unexplored. To examine the basis of such differences, two Norwegian drinking contexts are compared: (i) the high school graduation celebration and (ii) the two introduction weeks at university. Data comprise 71 qualitative interviews and field notes from participant observation. The two practices take place within a time span of only four months and involve many of the same participants. Alcohol plays a key role in both contexts. However, while the first context allows for heavy intoxication, sexual explorations and violating norms that ordinarily regulate behaviour in public, the second context is associated with much more control. We argue that the basis of this difference may be found in the differing value priorities of these practices, with participants' behaviour being guided primarily by hedonism and social integration, respectively. When applied to drinking practices in general this conceptual apparatus might elucidate the basis of context-specific norms and intra-cultural variation in drunken comportment.     

对医学生素质教育新模式的探讨

通过对医学生素质现状的调查和分析,提出医学-法律-道德素质教育新模式。即围绕医学知识教育同时,强化法律意识观念,提升道德教育水准。这不仅是“以人为本”科学发展观的要求,也是以“仁爱”为核心传统儒家伦理的具体应用,更是构建文明和谐医患关系的保证。     

从中医与中国文化的渊源关系论中医学术的传承与创新

文章结合中国文化的传统精神与中医药学术形成和发展的关系,从6个方面探讨了中医学术的传承与创新发展的关键问题:(1)注重宏观整体的认识人与时空环境的关系;(2)善于凭直觉感悟事物发展变化的内在规律;(3)主张顺应自然;(4)讲仁爱,重德诚;(5)重实践,讲实用;(6)主张"和而不同"即开放兼容、融会创新。总之,中医药学植根于中国文化而来源于实践,继承创新中医药必须以临床实践为核心,遵循中医药自身发展的规律,加强中国文化研究和教育,并主动吸收、融合现代科学技术和方法。