N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脑死亡巴马小型猪心脏的保护作用及其机制

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对脑死亡状态下巴马小型猪心脏形态与功能的影响。方法 应用改进的缓慢间断颅内加压法建立巴马小型猪脑死亡模型。将实验动物随机分为3组，每组5只。对照组（A组）：动物麻醉后仅行开颅与开关腹手术。非药物干预组（B组）：建立脑死亡模型，不进行药物干预。NAC处理组（N组）：建立脑死亡模型，于脑死亡后1和12h，按200mg／kg的剂量将NAC加入100ml生理盐水中，经静脉缓慢滴注。分别于脑死亡后6、12和24h检测各组血清中肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）的水平以及干扰素α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）以及白细胞介素6（IL-6）含量。脑死亡后24h，取各组心尖部心肌组织，光镜下观察心脏组织结构变化，电镜下观察心脏组织超微结构变化，免疫组织化学染色法观察核因子κB（NF-κB）的表达水平，逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测NF-κB mRNA的变化。结果 脑死亡6h后，B组及N组的血清cTnT、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均开始升高，但N组升高幅度显著低于B组。脑死亡后24h可见心肌细胞出现损伤性改变；N组心肌细胞损伤明显轻于B组。B组及N组心肌细胞中NF-κB mRNA及其蛋白表达水平均升高，但N组显著低于B组。结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸能够减轻脑死亡状态下心脏的形态和功能损伤性改变，其机制可能与抑制NF-κB mRNA及其蛋白的表达，减少炎症介质的释放有关。     

贵州小型香猪麻醉方法的比较研究

目的　探索快速安全地麻醉贵州小型香猪的方法。方法　 90头贵州小型香猪随机分为肌内注射组、腹腔注射组、静脉注射组 ,比较用 3%戊巴比妥钠溶液麻醉的显效时间、麻醉效果及死亡率。结果　肌内注射显效时间 (15± 5 )min ,麻醉效果优 80 %、良 16 7%、死亡 3 3% ;腹腔注射显效时间 (13± 4 )min ,麻醉效果优 6 0 %、良2 0 %、差 16 7%、死亡 3 3% ;静脉注射显效时间 (10± 2 )min ,麻醉效果优 73 3%、良 16 7%、死亡 10 % ;结论　肌内注射麻醉是一种安全可靠的麻醉方法。     

Mobilization and evolutionary history of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) in Beta vulgaris L.

We have identified three families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (VulMITEs) in the genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), evidently derived from a member of the Vulmar family of mariner transposons. While VulMITEs I are typical stowaway-like MITEs, VulMITEs II and VulMITEs III are rearranged stowaway elements of increased size. The integration of divergent moderately and highly repetitive sequences into VulMITEs II and, in particular in VulMITEs III, respectively, shows that amplification of repetitive DNA by MITEs contribute to the increase of genome size with possible implications for plant genome evolution. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), for the first time visualizing stowaway MITE distribution on plant chromosomes, revealed a dispersed localization of VulMITEs along all B. vulgaris chromosomes. Analysis of the flanking sequences identified a dispersed repeat as target site for the integration of the stowaway element VulMITE I. Recent transposition of VulMITE I, which most likely occurred during the domestication of cultivated beets, was concluded from insertional polymorphisms between different B. vulgaris cultivars and species. ^†Sequence data from this article have been deposited in the EMBL/GenBank Data Library under the accession nos. AM231630-AM231653 and AM259123-AM259125.     

Atypical miniature end-plate currents in the normal rat neuromuscular synapse and after acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cooling

Leningrad State University, A. A. Ukhtomskii Leningrad Institute of Physiology. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. N. Golikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 6, pp. 523–525, June, 1990.     

State of nonspecific resistance in germfree and Escherichia coli contaminated miniature piglets

The phagocytic activity of the leukocytes and the serum complement, properdin, and lysozyme levels were studied in germfree miniature piglets and similar animals ocntaiminated withEscherichia coli 055 andE. coli 083. In the presence of autologous serum and complement phagocytosis ofE. coli 055 cells was inhibited, but it was considerably intensified under the influence of specific opsonins (antibodies againstE. coli 055). Lowered levels of complement, properdin, and lysozyme were found in the germfree animals. After peroral monocontamination withE. coli the formation of properdin and complement was stimulated the most, and that of lysozyme the least. Antibodies againstE. coli 055 were not found in the monocontaminated piglets. The highest lysozyme levels were found in the previously germfree animals, which points to the role of other contamination factors thanE. coli cells in the stimulation of lysozyme. It is concluded that microbial contamination plays an important role in the development of the cellular and humoral factors of resistance.Research Laboratory of Experimental Biological Models, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow Region. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 341–344, September, 1978.     

“肾虚络瘀，肾络癥瘕”病机观与肾间质纤维化中自噬不足的相关性

肾间质纤维化（RIF）是由多种病因导致慢性肾脏疾病的主要病理特征,结合中医“络病学说”“癥瘕理论”与现代医学肾脏病理特征,“肾虚络瘀,肾络癥瘕”是RIF的主要病机,正气亏虚,累及肾气,肾虚气化不利,痰热瘀毒等实邪阻滞肾络,相互胶结,形成癥瘕,积聚于肾络导致了RIF。自噬是细胞体内将受损或衰老的细胞器、变性的蛋白质等代谢产物进行降解与重吸收的过程,自噬参与了RIF发生的诸多环节,与RIF发生发展关系密切,将自噬与中医学结合研究发现,机体内生痰热瘀毒等实邪的代谢与自噬降解和重吸收功能相关,自噬在一定程度上是消除痰热瘀毒等实邪的方式,正气不足,累及肾气,肾虚气化不利,自噬功能不足,会引起痰热瘀毒等实邪累积,瘀阻肾络则易形成肾络癥瘕造成RIF,肾虚络瘀是自噬不足的基础,肾络癥瘕是自噬不足的微观病理表现,自噬不足与肾络癥瘕形成具有相同的病机演变,该文就RIF“肾虚络瘀,肾络癥瘕”病机,结合RIF-自噬病理机制,深入探讨“肾虚络瘀-自噬不足-肾络癥瘕”在RIF的相关性,全面诠释“肾虚络瘀,肾络癥瘕”病机的科学内涵,以期从中医理论阐述自噬在RIF中的作用研究奠定基础,为RIF的治疗及其机制研究提供新...     

Vagally Mediated Gut-Brain Relationships in Appetite Control-Insights from Porcine Studies

Signals arising from the upper part of the gut are essential for the regulation of food intake, particularly satiation. This information is supplied to the brain partly by vagal nervous afferents. The porcine model, because of its sizeable gyrencephalic brain, omnivorous regimen, and comparative anatomy of the proximal part of the gut to that of humans, has provided several important insights relating to the relevance of vagally mediated gut-brain relationships to the regulation of food intake. Furthermore, its large size combined with the capacity to become obese while overeating a western diet makes it a pivotal addition to existing murine models, especially for translational studies relating to obesity. How gastric, proximal intestinal, and portal information relating to meal arrival and transit are encoded by vagal afferents and their further processing by primary and secondary brain projections are reviewed. Their peripheral and central plasticities in the context of obesity are emphasized. We also present recent insights derived from chronic stimulation of the abdominal vagi with specific reference to the modulation of mesolimbic structures and their role in the restoration of insulin sensitivity in the obese miniature pig model.     

STR-PCR方法检测贵州小型香猪遗传变异性的研究

目的 准确分析贵州小型香猪种群遗传变异及近交程度。方法 采用１０对短串联重复序列（ＳＴＲ）引物,对贵州小型香猪个体进行ＰＣＲ检测。结果 在检测到的８８个有效等位基因型中,纯合基因型５０个,占５５．７％。个体平均杂合率为０．４０８１,位点平均杂合率为０．５５６２。结论 贵州小型香猪具有一定遗传稳定性,符合封闭群动物遗传学特征。     

小型猪颞下颌关节腔内压的测定与分析

 【目的】测量小型猪颞下颌关节上腔内压在下颌3个功能位的变化规律。【方法】用关节内压力测量仪对11只健康成年雌性小型猪在休息位、被动大开口位、被动闭口位的22侧颞下颌关节测量关节内压值。【结果】小型猪左右侧颞下颌关节腔内压值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；休息位压力为（-0．36±0．32）kPa．被动大开口位为（2．02±1．01）kPa，被动闭口位为（0．42±0．36）kPa，3个功能位压力值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】小型猪两侧颞下颌关节腔内压无显著差异；在休息位，颞下颌关节上腔内压力为负值，被动大开口时压力迅速升高为较大的正压，被动闭口时压力升高为较小的正压。小型猪颞下颌关节无关节后结节，在开口运动中盘后组织跟随盘突运动是被动开口位压力升高为正值的重要解剖生理基础。