岩尖斜坡区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：探索岩尖斜坡区脑膜瘤手术入路和手术效果。方法：通过显微外科手术治疗21例岩尖斜坡区脑膜瘤,根据肿瘤的生长方式和MRI的表现分为三种类型：Ⅰ型5例,主要向中颅窝生长(包括海绵窦);Ⅱ型4例,主要向后颅窝生长;Ⅲ型12例,骑跨岩骨分别向中、后颅窝生长。额颞开颅断颧弓颞下入路切除肿瘤5例。颞枕开颅颞下小脑幕入路切除肿瘤4例,乙状窦前入路10例和乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤2例。结果：肿瘤全切除9例,近全切除11例,部分切除1例;无手术死亡。Ⅰ型岩斜坡肿瘤全切除2例,次全切除3例;Ⅱ型岩斜坡肿瘤全切除3例,次全切除1例;Ⅲ型全切除4例,次全切除7例,部分切除1例。结论：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型多数能全切除,术后效果良好;若Ⅰ型岩斜坡脑膜瘤侵犯海绵窦则难以全切除,术后容易并发动眼神经损伤。Ⅲ型岩斜坡脑膜瘤全切除非常困难,乙状窦前入路是Ⅲ型岩斜坡脑膜瘤最佳的的手术入路。     

“双镜联合”显微神经外科手术治疗桥小脑角脑膜瘤

目的 探讨神经内镜和显微镜“双镜联合”下显微神经外科手术治疗桥小脑角脑膜瘤的临床应用价值及优势.方法 回顾性分析经枕下乙状窦后入路显微神经外科手术治疗的39例桥小脑角脑膜瘤患者的临床资料.其中11例患者为“双镜联合”下手术切除肿瘤(双镜联合组),28例患者为单纯显微镜下手术切除肿瘤(显微镜组).结果 双镜联合组患者中肿...     

老年人脑动静脉畸形的治疗

目的总结老年人脑动静脉畸形的治疗经验。方法对2002年12月至2005年8月收治的17例老年脑动静脉畸形病例进行回顾性研究。结果17例患者年龄55~74岁,平均年龄63.4岁,其中男性12例,女性5例。17例患者中11例出现脑出血而急诊入院,4例因突发癫痫急诊入院,仅2例因头痛平诊入院。入院后有10例病患通过急诊显微神经外科手术清除脑内血肿同时切除畸形血管团,除1例放弃治疗,1例行介入栓塞 γ刀治疗外,其他病例于入院后1周内择期显微神经外科手术清除病灶及畸形血管团。术后死亡2例,1例因大面积脑梗塞而死亡,另1例因就诊时脑出血已继发脑疝,于术后死亡。术后发生偏瘫1例。其他病患无严重神经功能废损而顺利康复出院。结论老龄不一定是手术的绝对禁忌症,通过显微神经外科手术治疗老年人脑血管畸形,可以达到切除病灶,预防出血,从而改善患者生活质量的目的。     

Minimally invasive neurosurgery: the technical platform for translational medicine

Translational medicine, normally refers to a process for transitioning from the initial lab discovery to the patient＇s bedside with minimal disconnect comprehensive review of statistical and offers a design and methodology. It has been advocated repeatedly by worldwide medical scientists as the new prospect highlighting the transition for scientific achievements from laboratory results to clinical application in recent years. As for neurosurgery, it is generally acknowledged that it has been improving in basic research and clinical practice by bounds and leaps; however, the achievements in basic and clinical neurosurgical studies seem to be parallel with no intersection for mutual interaction. Minimally invasive neurosurgery is aimed at serving as the intersection platform for translational medicine.     

Postmortem inspection for neurosurgery: a training model for endoscopic dissection technique

In 63 specimens, 74 aneurysms, and five other lesions, postmortem microsurgical and endoscopic inspection (PMI) was done. This work not only allowed for safe pathoanatomic findings, but moreover showed characteristics of a training method developed according to a model with clear standards. PMI gives training in: 1. Understanding of pathoanatomic topography and syntopy 2. Analysis of imaging findings 3. Analysis of approaches (approach planning) 4. Paraendoscopic methods (video surgery) 5. Clipping training 6. Analyzing the ergonomy of the setting and instrumentation In the series presented, aneurysms were the focus of attention. Postmortem inspection trains nearly all manipulative and cognitive abilities necessary for operative management of this difficult lesion. The acceptance and applicability of this method for resident training must be evaluated in the future. Electronic Publication     

Conservative (labyrinth-preserving) transpetrosal approach to the clivus and petroclival region – indications,complications, results and lessons learned

Objective. Tumours or vascular lesions of the clivus and juxtaclival region present a unique challenge to neurosurgeons and a variety of techniques, with a wide spectrum of complexity, have been advocated. This report presents the use of a conservative transpetrosal approach which combines partial removal of the postero-lateral petrous bone with preservation of the labyrinth, with particular focus on efficacy and the reduction of complications. Patients and methods. Over 9 years, 52 patients underwent a conservative combined supra-infratentorial, labyrinth-preserving transpetrosal approach. There were 32 women and 20 men; 33 had tumour lesions including 22 patients with a clival or petroclival meningioma. Among the 19 patients with a vascular lesion, 12 patients had a basilar artery trunk aneurysm, including one giant midbasilar aneurysm. 3 Patients had vertebro-basilar junction aneurysms, and 4 patients had a pontine cavernoma. Data on the clinical features, investigations and operative techniques were extracted from the patients case records. Outcome was assessed by serial examinations of the patients or by telephone interview with the treating physician, and in survivors graded as excellent, good or poor. Results. 52 patients, 23 patients (44%) had an excellent outcome, in 21 patients (41%) the outcome was good and in 7 patients (13%) the outcome was poor. One patient with a complex fusiform basilar trunk aneurysm, operated upon as an emergency, died in the postoperative period. Total resection was achieved, as demonstrated by follow-up MRI in 20 of 33 patients with a tumour, including 15 of 22 patients with clival or petro-clival meningiomas. All vascular lesions were treated effectively and in 14 patients with a basilar or vertebro-basilar junction aneurysm, clipping of the aneurysm was achieved. In one patient, a giant calcified vertebro-basilar junction aneurysm was resected. New cranial nerve deficits or an accentuation of a pre-existing deficit, occured in 8 patients with a tumour and 4 patients with a vascular lesion. Complications included: temporary conductive hearing deficit in 4 patients, a minor laceration of the sigmoid/transverse sinus in 4 and transient post-operative CSF leakage in 12 patients. Temporary lumbar drainage resulted in sealing of the CSF leak in 8 patients, but in 3 patients a permanent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt had to be implanted. Conclusion. When based on adequate experience in skull base surgery, the combined supra-infratentorial, conservative transpetrosal approach, with preservation of the labyrinth, allows direct and wide exposure of a large variety of tumour and vascular lesions located along the supra- and infratentorial juxta-clival area; little or almost no retraction of neurovascular structures is needed and with adherence to important principles, complications related to the approach can be minimised.Published online July 23, 2003     

颅内动脉瘤的直接手术74例分析

对74例脑动脉瘤患者进行了开颅直接手术治疗。术前状态为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级者56例,手术全部成功;74例中术后死亡5例(6.76％)。认为对有先兆症状者,尤其有蛛网膜下腔出血和动眼神经麻痹的患者应尽早进行增强薄层CT扫描,然后再进行全脑血管造影或数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,明确载瘤动脉、动脉瘤颈及瘤体,以便设计手术方案,提高手术成功率。处理脑动脉瘤的最佳方案是:选择恰当的手术入路;在显微镜直视下操作;控制性低血压麻醉;术中暂时阻断载瘤动脉;选用合适的动脉瘤夹;不失时机地安放瘤夹,妥当夹闭瘤颈。     

微创神经外科与转化医学

20世纪末美国哈佛大学医学院提出转化医学概念。转化医学打破了基础医学与临床医学之间的屏障,缩短了"从实验台到病床"(bench to bedside)的过程。本文通过回顾百年神经外科历史,纵观转化医学在建立神经外科、催生显微神经外科和推进微创神经外科3个阶段所起的作用,展望了神经外科学前景,提出微创神经外科将成为转化医学的技术平台。     

诱发电位监护下显微神经外科手术治疗脊髓髓内脂肪瘤

目的 探讨脊髓髓内脂肪瘤的临床特点及其诱发电位监护下显微神经外科手术治疗方法.方法 对重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科2003年3月至2009年1月收治的4例脊髓髓内脂肪瘤患者进行回顾性分析,对其临床表现、诊断方法、治疗与结果作出评价.结果 本组4例患者均在显微镜下行肿瘤分块次全或大部切除术,同时行硬膜减张、椎板切除减压术.术中全程进行诱发电位监护.3例患者出院时症状明显好转,1例出院时症状较术前略有好转.结论 MRI检查是目前诊断脊髓髓内脂肪瘤最有效的影像学手段.为避免术中加重脊髓损伤而出现严重并发症,主张在显微镜下行肿瘤分块次全或大部切除术.术中应用诱发电位监护有助于避免损伤肿瘤周围正常脊髓组织.     

应用超声引导和监测的神经内镜技术

随着神经内窥镜技术在显微神经外科的广泛应用，与之相关的置入内镜前定位技术，术中持续监测技术的研究越来越多。超声导下穿刺脑组织技术在神经内窥镜手术中加以应用，可减少手术并发症的发生，使得内镜插入定位精确。多普勒微血管探头经内镜通道抵达手术野对重要血管进仃超声探测，并能进行术中实时定位，监测动脉及其分支的血流速度从而避免误伤血管，还能对动脉央闭后进行血管超声扫捕检查，超声引导和监测下的神经内窥镜外科是微侵袭神经外科将来的发展方向之一。