河北省不同地理环境上尿路结石成分分布特点研究

背景泌尿系结石是泌尿系统常见病、多发病,其中上尿路结石最为常见,给患者造成沉重负担。上尿路结石成因复杂,与性别、年龄、地理位置、气候、饮食等密切相关,不同地理环境患者的结石成分是否存在差异仍不清楚。目的分析河北省不同地理环境上尿路结石成分,为临床上尿路结石的治疗及预防提供依据。方法收集2019年于河北医科大学第二医院门诊进行体外冲击波碎石和住院手术取出结石的患者资料,获取1 192例患者的上尿路结石标本,使用红外光谱法对结石成分进行定量和定性分析,分析河北省山区、平原、沿海地区患者的结石成分特点。结果上尿路结石患者高发年龄为30~70岁,男女比例约为1.75∶1,肾结石与输尿管结石占比相当（约为1.1∶1）,结石成分以混合性结石为主（61.5%）。三种地理环境上尿路结石均以含钙结石为主,以一水草酸钙为最多。感染性结石在山区、平原地区及沿海地区的占比比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。平原地区的尿酸结石占比与山区及沿海地区比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论河北省三种地理环境上尿路结石分布均以含钙结石为主,山区及沿海地区尿酸结石占比较高,需引起泌尿外科医生的注意。     

Contrasts in oxidative potential and other particulate matter characteristics collected near major streets and background locations

Background: Measuring the oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter (PM) may provide a more health-based exposure measure by integrating various biologically relevant properties of PM into a single predictor of biological activity.Objectives: We aimed to assess the contrast in oxidative potential of PM collected at major urban streets and background locations, the associaton of oxidative potential with other PM characteristics, and the oxidative potential in different PM size fractions.Methods: Measurements of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM_2.5), soot, elemental composition, and oxidative potential of PM were conducted simultaneously in samples from 8 major streets and 10 urban and suburban background locations in the Netherlands. Six 1-week measurements were performed at each location over a 6-month period in 2008. Oxidative potential was measured as the ability to generate hydroxyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in all PM₁₀ samples and a subset of PM_2.5 samples.Results: The PM₁₀ oxidative potential of samples from major streets was 3.6 times higher than at urban background locations, exceeding the contrast for PM mass, soot, and all measured chemical PM characteristics. The contrast between major streets and suburban background locations was even higher (factor of 6.5). Oxidative potential was highly correlated with soot, barium, chromium, copper, iron, and manganese. Oxidative potential of PM₁₀ was 4.6 times higher than the oxidative potential of PM_2.5 when expressed per volume unit and 3.1 times higher when expressed per mass unit.Conclusions: The oxidative potential of PM near major urban roads was highly elevated compared with urban and suburban background locations, and the contrast was greater than that for any other measured PM characteristic.     

MANAGING PATIENT RECORDS AND DOCUMENTING SERVICE DELIVERY: THE RESULTS OF A 'BEST PRACTICE' REMOTE AREA NURSING PROGRAM

ABSTRACT: This paper describes a 'best practice' demonstration program for monitoring nursing services in remote locations. A four-phase project involving paper and computer-based patient information systems was implemented at nursing climes on islands off the coast of Queensland. Patient demographics, diagnoses and details of health service provision were recorded. Results showed a marked improvement in the detail of patient records over the program period. Monitoring of services also provided useful planning and policy information for company management, while a systematic approach to maintaining patient records addressed several medico-legal issues.     

青年男性血红蛋白正常参考值与中国地理因素

目的为制定中国青年男性血红蛋白正常参考值的统一标准提供科学依据。方法收集了中国273个单位用氰化高铁血红蛋白(HiCN)法测定的27 679例青年男性血红蛋白值,运用相关分析和回归分析的方法,研究了其与地理因素的关系。结果发现青年男性血红蛋白正常参考值与中国地理因素之间有很显著的相关关系(F=154.34)。用回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程:^Y=165.0+0.006 528X1-0.002 920X2-0.081 87X3-1.232X4+0.006 381X5±23.3。结论如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的血红蛋白正常参考值。依据血红蛋白正常参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区、西南区、西北区、东南区、华北区、东北区等6个区。     

Tobacco smoking in relation to pain in a national general population survey

BACKGROUND: We examined whether smoking status including heavy smoking (20 or more cigarettes per day) is related to the number of pain locations and intensity of pain. METHODS: A probability sample of the German national population aged 18 to 79 including 7124 participants (response proportion: 61.4%) was used. All individuals underwent a health examination between 1997 and 1999. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed with number of pain locations and pain intensity as dependent variables which had been assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Former and current heavy smokers had higher odds for greater numbers of pain locations and for moderate and intense pain than never smokers after adjustment for analgesic medicament use and behavior-related risk factors. Female former heavy smokers had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-2.2) and male former heavy smokers had an adjusted OR of 1.4 (CI 1.1-1.8) for higher numbers of pain locations compared to never smoking women and men respectively (female current smokers: OR 1.4, CI 1.0-1.9; male current smokers: OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that former and current heavy smokers are more likely to report more pain locations and more intense pain than never smokers.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY-GUIDED RADIOFREQUENCY TRIGEMINAL RHIZOTOMY FOR TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional computed tomography （3D-CT） guided radiofi＇equency trigeminal rhizotomy （RF-TR） in treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia （1TN）. Methods From 1999 to 2001, 18 patients with ITN were treated with percutaneous controlled RF-TR. Intraoperative 3D-CT scanning was performed to guide the trajectory of the puncture. After correction of the needle tip according to the CT scans and stimulation effects, 2 to 5 lesions were made for a duration of 60-90 seconds at a temperature of 60℃ to 75℃ depending on the pain distribution and the age of patient. The needles located in foramen ovale. Pain alleviated immediately with no serious complication in all patients. The patients were followed up for an average of 31.5 months （range 24-41 months）. Acute pain relief was experienced by 17 patients after the procedure, reaching an initial success rate of 94.4%. Early （〈 6 months） pain recurrence was observed in 2 patients （11.1%）, whereas late （〉 6 months） recurrence was reported in 3 patients （16.7%）. Thirteen patients had complete pain control, with no need for medication thereafter. Five cases experienced partial pain relief, but required medication at a lower dose than in the preoperative period. Conclusion 3D-CT foramen ovale locations can raise the successful rate of puncture, enhance the safety, and reduce the incidence rate of complication.     

维吾尔语失写症的特点及病灶部位分析

目的:分析维吾尔族脑卒中患者失语症后失写特点及与脑损伤部位的关系.方法:采用翻译版(维吾尔语)汉语失语检查法(ABC)评定脑卒中后失语症患者的语言功能,关注其书写能力并进行分型,同时行头颅CT或MRI检查.结果:脑卒中失语后失写患者37例,其中构字障碍17例,完全性失写16例,惰性失写3例,镜像书写合并失用性失写1例.左侧半球的大部分脑区,如额、颞、顶叶及基底节区均与维语失语性失写有关;失用性失写累及左顶叶;惰性失写累及左额叶及其深部白质;镜像书写累及左额、顶叶和基底节区.结论:不同的维语失写类型有不同的病理书写特点,各型维语失写症的病理书写特点与脑损伤部位有一定关系.     

Changes in physical activity by context and residential greenness among recent retirees: Longitudinal GPS and accelerometer study

This study examined the changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity by GPS-measured contexts among Finnish retirees (n = 45 (537 measurement days)) participating in a physical activity intervention. We also assessed whether residential greenness, measured with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, moderated the changes. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased at home by 7 min/day, (P < 0.001) and during active travel by 5 min/day (P = 0.03). The participants with the highest vs. lowest greenness had 25 min/day greater increase in MVPA over the follow-up (P for Time*Greenness interaction = 0.04). In conclusion, retirees participating in the intervention increased their MVPA both at home and in active travel, and more so if they lived in a greener area.