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排序方式: 共有335条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
R. A. J. McIlhinney 《International journal of andrology》1981,4(S4):93-109
Conventional antisera, monoclonal antibodies and lectins have been used to investigate the cell surface composition of several human teratoma-derived cell lines. This review summarizes our current knowledge obtained from such investigations and uses the information available on murine teratocarcinoma systems as a framework for discussion to compare and contrast the human and murine systems. The potential application of antibodies directed against cell surface molecules in such techniques as in vivo tumour imaging and drug targeting is also discussed. 相似文献
2.
Lectin affinity chromatography procedures were evaluated for the isolation of enveloped virus glycoproteins. The major glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus (E1AV) bound to concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose through interactions which could not be reversed by α-methylglucoside, but elution could be accomplished with buffers containing guanidine hydrochloride or sodium dodecyl sulfate. These denaturants, however, also released about one-half of the Con A protein from the Sepharose matrix. This degradation does not appear to have been recognized previously, as denaturants are frequently employed for the isolation of virus glycoproteins from Con A-Sepharose. In contrast, the virus glycoprotein bound equally well to Sepharose-bound Lens culinaris (lentil) lectin affinity columns and was effectively eluted with buffer containing 0.2 M α-methylglucoside. The lentil lectin-Sepharose procedure described is rapid, inexpensive and results in the efficient separation and recovery of EIAV glycoproteins. Thus, lentil lectin-Sepharose can provide a useful alternative to Con A-Sepharose for isolating other high avidity glycoproteins from viral envelopes or cell membranes. 相似文献
3.
4.
Passive immunization: a method of enhancing the immune response against antigen mixtures 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Antigenic competition is known to be a widespread phenomenon when using crude extracts of antigens (e.g., Escherichia coli cytoplasmic proteins) for immunization. This non-specific form of immune suppression can be partially overcome by passive immunization with antibodies against dominant antigens (which are the suppressive molecules) before injection of the antigenic mixture. Blocking these immunodominant antigens or antigenic determinants by a passively administered antibody permits antibody responses against hitherto weakly or non-immunogenic molecules. 相似文献
5.
Lectin binding and desmin expression during necrosis, regeneration, and neurogenic atrophy of human skeletal muscle 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Changes in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibres during necrosis, regeneration, and neurogenic atrophy have been studied in a wide range of human neuromuscular diseases with a panel of eleven biotinylated lectins and by immunohistochemical staining for the cytoskeletal protein desmin. Increased binding of several lectins was observed in both necrotic and regenerating fibres, with Concanavalin A the most consistently positive lectin. Staining for desmin was strong in the cytoplasm of regenerating and partially damaged fibres and was lost in necrotic fibres, although there were differences in the staining reactions of the two antidesmin antibodies used. In fibres which had undergone neurogenic atrophy, cytoplasmic lectin binding was seen only with Griffonia simplicifolia 1 lectin, and desmin was expressed more strongly than in normal fibres. Lectin binding and immunohistochemical staining from desmin can supplement the information obtained from muscle biopsies by conventional histochemical methods and lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of muscle damage. 相似文献
6.
The mechanism of IgA deposition in the kidneys in IgA nephropathy is unknown, Mesangial IgA is of the IgA I subclass, and since no consistent antigenic target for the IgA I has been described, we have investigated the glycosylation of the molecule, as a potential non-immunological abnormality which may contribute to its deposition. IgA 1 is rich in carbohydrate, carrying N-linked moieties in common with IgG, but also O-linked sugars, which are rare in serum proteins, and not expressed by IgG or lgA2, Lectin binding assays were designed to examine the expression of terminal galactose on the N-linked carbohydrate chains of purified serum IgG and IgAI, and the O-linked sugars of IgAI and C1 inhibitor (one of the very few other serum proteins with O-linked glycosylation). No evidence was found for abnormalities of N-linked glycosylation of either isotype in IgA nephropathy compared with matched controls. However, in IgA nephropathy, reduced terminal galactosylation of the hinge region O-linked moieties was demonstrated; this was not seen in C1 inhibitor, which showed normal or increased galactosylation of the O-linked sugars. This abnormality of IgA1 has considerable implications for the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, since the O-linked sugars lie in an important functional location within the IgA1 molecule, close to the ligand of Fc receptors. Changes in the carbohydrates in this site may therefore affect interactions with receptors and extracellular proteins, leading to anomalous handling of the IgA1 protein in this condition, including failure of normal clearance mechanisms, and mesangial deposition. 相似文献
7.
M. Vierbuchen S. Schröder G. Uhlenbruck A. Lavena R. Fischer 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1994,424(2):205-211
Forty-six medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) were subjected to a qualitative and quantitative characterization of native and sialic acid masked Lewisa (Lea) antigens. Immunohistochemical investigations included monoclonal antibodies (MABs) directed against alpha(2,3)-sialyl-Lea, i.e. CA19-9 (MAB 19-9), native Lea (MAB anti Lea) and alpha(2,3) sialyl type 1 structure, i.e. CA 50 (MAB C50). To detect sialic acid masked Lea reactivity, MAB anti-Lea was also applied to native and enzymatically desialylated tissue sections with and without masking of sialic acid residues by sialic acid and sequence specific lectins. Only 7 MTC (15%) displayed a weak expression of CA19-9, while 16 (33%) showed moderate positive staining for native Lea. Twenty-seven tumours exhibited a strong staining by the N'ase MAB anti Lea staining sequence. The latter could most effectively be inhibited by the simultaneous masking of alpha(2,3)-and alpha-(2,6)-linked sialic acid residues due to the comptetitive binding of sialic acid and sequence specific lectins: Maackia amurensis agglutinin (specific alpha(2,3)-linked sialic acid) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (specific alpha(2,6)-linked sialic acid). Thus, in MTC the major portion of sialic acid masked Lea antigen reactivity is different from that detected by the MAB 19-9. The antigen reactivity is probably due to Lea structures containing both alpha(2,3) and alpha(2,6)-linked sialic acid residues. A highly significant correlation between the expression of CA50 and that detected by the N'ase MAB anti-Lea staining sequence indicates that the alpha(2,3)-sialyl type 1 chain represents a common intermediate structure within the pathway of the biosynthesis of sialylated Lea antigens, excluding the formation of CA19-9 via the formation of the disialyl type 1 structure. This is subsequently fucosylated to the corresponding sialic acid masked Lea. Preliminary clinicopathological studies indicate that the sialic acid masked Lea antigens detected by the N'ase MAB anti-Lea staining sequence are related to biologically aggressive MTC. 相似文献
8.
目的 探讨单纯性肾囊肿的组织起源。方法 20例囊液标本取自12位男性和8位女性,采用两种方法:(1)测定囊液中钠(Na^ )、钾(K^ )、氯(Cl^-)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、葡萄糖(Glu)、总蛋白(TP)等物质的浓度,并与血浆中的浓度相比较;(2)选用两种高选择定位于不同肾小管节段的酶标植物血凝素,四叶莲凝集素和jacalin凝集素,对单纯性肾囊肿标本进行组织化学研究。四叶莲凝集素定位于近端肾小管,而jacalin凝集素定位于远端肾小管和集合管。结果 (1)标本中Na^ 、K^ 、Cl^-、BUN、Cr、Glu的浓度与血浆中浓度基本相等,而血浆中总蛋白的浓度则高于囊液中浓度;(2)15例囊肿内衬上皮的四叶莲凝集素染色均呈强阳性,而jacalin凝集素染色有7例为阴性,另8例为部分弱阳性。结论 单纯性肾囊肿可能起源于近端肾小管。 相似文献
9.
Snake venoms contain components that affect the prey either by neurotoxic or haemorrhagic effects. The latter category affect haemostasis either by inhibiting or activating platelets or coagulation factors. They fall into several types based upon structure and mode of action. A major class is the snake C-type lectins or C-type lectin-like family which shows a typical folding like that in classic C-type lectins such as the selectins and mannose-binding proteins. Those in snake venoms are mostly based on a heterodimeric structure with two subunits and β, which are often oligomerized to form larger molecules. Simple heterodimeric members of this family have been shown to inhibit platelet functions by binding to GPIb but others activate platelets via the same receptor. Some that act via GPIb do so by inducing von Willebrand factor to bind to it. Another series of snake C-type lectins activate platelets by binding to GPVI while yet another series uses the integrin 2β1 to affect platelet function. The structure of more and more of these C-type lectins have now been, and are being, determined, often together with their ligands, casting light on binding sites and mechanisms. In addition, it is relatively easy to model the structure of the C-type lectins if the primary structure is known. These studies have shown that these proteins are quite a complex group, often with more than one platelet receptor as ligand and although superficially some appear to act as inhibitors, in fact most function by inducing thrombocytopenia by various routes. The relationship between structure and function in this group of venom proteins will be discussed. 相似文献
10.
Defective functional response to membrane stimuli in lymphocytes from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. 下载免费PDF全文
M Prez-Blas B Martínez-Martín J Carballido J Hontoria L I Salazar C Olivier M Alvarez-Mon 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1995,101(3):521-526
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a local disturbance in the prostate that may involve an inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. The activation and proliferative response of T lymphocytes to different mitogenic signals has been analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 45 patients with BPH and 55 healthy controls. The PBMC obtained from the patients showed a significant specific impairment in proliferation, CD25 expression and IL-2 production in response to stimulation with lectins (phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A)), that was not corrected by the addition of IL-2 or of phorbol esters (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)). Also, the CD28 response was defective in patient PBMC. Activation with anti-CD3 or anti-CD2 MoAbs was normal, but the addition of PMA to these stimuli provoked a significant defective response. Only the use of transmembrane stimuli (PMA and ionomycin) elicited responses similar to those found in the control group. The results indicate that peripheral T lymphocytes from BPH patients show a functional impairment that is mainly explained by an alteration of membrane signals (PHA, CD28) and is distal to protein kinase C (PKC) activation. 相似文献