Treatment as prevention (TasP) and perceived sexual changes in behavior among HIV-positive persons: a French survey in infectious diseases departments in Paris

ABSTRACT

We evaluated awareness of treatment as prevention (TasP) among adults people living with HIV (PLHIV) in five infectious disease departments in Paris, then how they perceived its impact on their sexual well-being. This cross-sectional multicenter survey was conducted in 2014 during scheduled clinical appointments using a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed 520 questionnaires (42% women, 54% men of whom 57% were MSM [men who have sex with men]). 75% of women were born abroad, most commonly in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas 64% of men were French-born. The mean time since HIV diagnosis was 12.8?±?7.8 years. Eighty-seven percent [84?90%]_{95 %} reported being aware of the impact of ART on HIV transmission, 94% MSM, 86% women, 83% heterosexual men. PLHIV reported that they gained awareness of TasP through medical doctors (86%). The fear of transmission was perceived as alleviated for 73% [69%;78%]_95%, more often among MSM; the sexual life was reported to be improved for 28% [24%;33%]_95%; and ART adherence to be improved for 45% [40%;50%]_95%, more often among women. The awareness of TasP was relatively high, but it seems important to understand the features of male and female populations of PLHIV to adapt counseling during follow-up appointments, as women's answers differed in various regards.     

基层护士营养KAP改善对糖尿病患者膳食营养的影响

目的探讨基层医院护士营养KAP改善对糖尿病患者膳食营养的影响。方法经培训的护士对102例糖尿病患者进行多形式的营养教育,结合中国营养师培训教材及中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入标准（RNIs）进行评价。结果糖尿病患者膳食结构干预前后（除蛋类以外）差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;膳食中三大产热营养素比例差异有高度统计学意义（P﹤0.01）、三餐热能分布均较干预前合理,差异有高度统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论护士营养KAP改善,可帮助糖尿病患者建立良好的膳食行为。     

南昌市高校学生男男同性恋性病/艾滋病知信行调查

目的了解南昌市高校学生男男性行为接触者(MSM)对STD/AIDS相关知识的掌握情况及相应态度和行为,为进一步做好该人群的艾滋病防治工作做准备。方法通过滚雪球方式获得目标人群,进行一对一的知信行(KAP)访谈或自填问卷调查。结果 78名大学生MSM中94.9%的人听说过艾滋病,有78.2%的被调查者看过AIDS宣传册,AIDS相关知识平均知晓率为62.2%;有26.9%的人认为自己很可能或可能将来感染艾滋病;最近6个月内84.6%的被调查者有过肛交性行为,每次发生肛交时使用安全套的比率只占20.5%;最近6个月内,有24.4%的被调查者有过异性和同性性伴,每次发生性行为时使用安全套的比率只占25%。结论该人群安全套使用率不高,且多性伴现象普遍存在,获得艾滋病相关知识的主要途经是网络,自愿接受HIV检测率偏低。应该充分利用网络媒体的作用加大对该人群的干预力度。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间不同人群知信行及心理状况研究

目的为制订新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间针对性心理干预措施提供依据。方法COVID-19疫情期间,采用知信行理论和抑郁和焦虑自评量表,设计调查问卷,采用滚雪球抽样法,对河南省郑州市18岁以上医护人员、大学生和社区居民进行问卷调查,了解其认知、态度、行为及心理状况,并分析相关影响因素。结果医护人员的知识得分明显高于其他组(P<0.01),学历组间差异显著(P<0.01),态度和行为组间无显著差异;89.41%的被调查者存在不同程度的焦虑状况,焦虑得分的主要影响因素为性别(P<0.05)、职业(P<0.01)、文化程度(P<0.01)、认知(P<0.05);多元回归分析显示,纳入模型的3个变量,学历(研究生)、性别和职业(居民)是影响不同人群焦虑的主要因素(P<0.05),能够解释焦虑12.9%的变异。结论COVID-19疫情期间,各类人群均存在不同程度的焦虑状况,尤其是针对女性、高学历、社区居民更应采取相应的心理干预措施,减轻疫情带来的心理创伤。