持续性特发性耳鸣严重程度的相关因素分析

目的 探讨导致持续性特发性耳鸣严重程度的相关因素。 方法 分析870例持续性特发性主观性耳鸣患者的一般资料、病史、听力学结果、耳鸣匹配实验、耳鸣残疾量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和焦虑自评量表,应用多因素Logistic回归分析研究与患者耳鸣严重程度相关的因素。 结果 (1)性别(P<0.001)、年龄(P=0.010)、耳鸣主调声频率(P=0.005)、听力损失(P=0.037)、焦虑程度(P<0.001)、睡眠状况(P<0.001)在THI分级上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)病程(P=0.053)、侧别(P=0.437)、主调声响度(P=0.120)在THI分级上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 女性患者特发性耳鸣的程度较男性更为严重;低频较高频更扰人;焦虑程度和睡眠状况是影响耳鸣严重程度的因素,而病程、侧别、耳鸣主调声响度不是影响患者特发性耳鸣严重程度的因素。     

Challenges in platelet inventory management at a tertiary care oncology center during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in India

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization and to limit the spread of the disease, many countries in the world, including India, had enforced a lockdown. Despite no restriction over the platelet donation activities, plateletpheresis donors became apprehensive regarding the possible risk of spread of the COVID-19 during the platelet donation and in the hospital premises. Many of them started hesitating for platelet donations. With this, the blood center started having an acute shortage of platelets. Various confidence-building steps were implemented by the blood center to promote voluntary plateletpheresis. The blood center staff and individual donors were educated to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The donor organizations and plateletpheresis donors were informed about the steps to be taken by the blood center during the donation and necessary steps for the prevention of the possible spread of COVID-19. With the help of these measures, the confidence of the individual platelet donors and the donor organizations was restored in the blood center and regular plateletpheresis was continued. These measures may also be useful to other blood centers in the COVID-19 pandemic and this experience may be useful if a similar pandemic lockdown happens in the future.     

中国军人个性特征的调查分析

为了解我军不同人员的个性特征，建立军人的艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）常模，为我国军事心理学研究提供依据，采用修订的ＥＰＱ（成年）对全军１９６２２人的个性特征进行了调查，其中陆军１３２４５人，海军１２８４人，空军１５８３人，学员３５１０人。结果：军人精神病质和神经质量表分均显著低于全国常模，内外向量表分高于全国常模，效度量表分则与全国常模近似。军人个性的内外向以中间居多（５２．５％）、其余依次为外向（１９．７％）、倾向外向（１８．２％）、倾向内向（５．９％）和内向（３．７％）；情绪稳定度呈中间、稳定、倾向稳定、倾向不稳、不稳者分别占４３．９％、１９．８％、１４．９％、１１．５％和９．９％。提示军人个性有其特征，本研究结果可作为我国军人的ＥＰＱ常模。     

大学生电脑游戏成瘾量表的编制和信效度检验

目的:编制适合大学生使用的电脑游戏成瘾量表(CGAI),并检验其信效度。方法:对477份来自北京市8所大学大学生的CGAI测试结果进行探索性因素分析,对405份来自北京市5所大学大学生的CGAI测试结果进行验证性因素分析。结果:探索性因素分析获得33个条目的CGAI问卷,分为4个因素可解释总方差的55·1%,四个维度依次为:依赖/成瘾行为表现维度、情绪唤起维度、功能损害维度、对现状羞耻或不满维度;验证性因素分析验证了4因素模型,其结果为χ2/df=2·304;IFI=0·885;CFI=0·884;NFI=0·813;RSMEA=0·057。该问卷的内部一致性信度(r=0·77~0·94)、重测信度(r=0·907,P<0·001)和效标效度(成瘾组被试CGAI四维度评分均高于正常对照组)均符合测量学的要求。结论:该量表具有良好的信度和效度,可在大学生中使用。     

儿少心理问题筛查表的编制和信效度分析

目的：编制一个用于儿童和青少年的心理问题筛查表，检验其信度和效度。方法：用新编的心理问题筛查表测查全国12个省（市）9278名儿童或他们的父母和143名临床样本，间隔5周的重测样本87人，父母和儿童报告一致性检验样本56人，效标效度样本65人。用相关分析和因素分析考查量表的信度和效度。结果：新编筛查表具有较好的信度（重测信度为0．761、Crobacha系数为0．949、分半信度为0．868、评定者信度为0．799）；正常儿童在筛查表上的得分显著高于临床样本的得分；新编筛查表总分和分量表与儿童行为量表总分和类似分量表有显著的相关：探索性因素分析和验证性斟素分析与量表编制者的理论构想一致。结论：儿少心理健康量表具有较好的信度和效度．可以用于儿童和青少年的心理问题的筛查．     

Hybrid Approach to Estimation of Underreporting of Tuberculosis Case Notification in High-Burden Settings With Weak Surveillance Infrastructure: Design and Implementation of an Inventory Study

BackgroundThe greatest risk of infectious disease undernotification occurs in settings with limited capacity to detect it reliably. World Health Organization guidance on the measurement of misreporting is paradoxical, requiring robust, independent systems to assess surveillance rigor. Methods are needed to estimate undernotification in settings with incomplete, flawed, or weak surveillance systems. This study attempted to design a tuberculosis (TB) inventory study that balanced rigor with feasibility for high-need settings.ObjectiveThis study aims to design a hybrid TB inventory study for contexts without World Health Organization preconditions. We estimated the proportion of TB cases that were not reported to the Ministry of Health in 2015. The study sought to describe TB surveillance coverage and quality at different levels of TB care provision. Finally, we aimed to identify structural-, facility-, and provider-level barriers to notification and reasons for underreporting, nonreporting, and overreporting.MethodsRetrospective partial digitalization of paper-based surveillance and facility records preceded deterministic and probabilistic record linkage; a hybrid of health facilities and laboratory census with a stratified sampling of HFs with no capacity to notify leveraged a priori knowledge. Distinct extrapolation methods were applied to the sampled health facilities to estimate bacteriologically confirmed versus clinical TB. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to identify causal factors responsible for undernotification and test the acceptability of remedies.ResultsThe hybrid approach proved viable and instructive. High-specificity verification of paper-based records in the field was efficient and had minimal errors. Limiting extrapolation to clinical cases improved precision. Probabilistic record linkage is computationally intensive, and the choice of software influences estimates. Record absence, decay, and overestimation of the private sector TB treatment behavior threaten validity, meriting mitigation. Data management demands were underestimated. Treatment success was modest in all sectors (R=37.9%–72.0%) and did not align with treatment success reported by the state (6665/8770, 75.99%). One-fifth of TB providers (36/178, 20%) were doubtful that the low volume of patients with TB treated in their facility merited mastery of the extensive TB notification forms and procedures.ConclusionsSubnational inventory studies can be rigorous, relevant, and efficient in countries that need them even in the absence of World Health Organization preconditions, if precautions are taken. The use of triangulation techniques, with minimal recourse to sampling and extrapolation, and the privileging of practical information needs of local decision makers yield reasonable misreporting estimates and viable policy recommendations.     

在监女犯MMPI测试对照分析

目的 研究在监女犯与正常女性心理状况的差异性及其与犯罪的关系。方法 应用MMPI测查144例在监女犯并以文化、年龄相当的社会女性159例为对照组,使用x^2、t检验对资料进行处理。结果 13个基本量表的平均量表分比较,研究组均明显大于对照组（P＜0．01）,在监女犯心理偏离占84．03％,明显高于对照组的8．18％（P＜0．01）。结论 女性犯罪可能与其有较多的心理偏离有关,为在监女犯的改造提供科学依据。     

社区人群生活质量研究—Ⅲ生活质量问卷（QOLI）的编制

本文为社区人群生活质量系列研究之一。在湖南省有代表性的六个地区城乡分层随机采样４８００户家庭，对自编的多维生活质量问卷进行了心理测量学的检验。结果表明，本问卷具有一定的信度、效度与敏感性，可适用于社区普通人群成人生活质量的评估工具，研究特定人群（如老人、慢性病人等）生活质量综合评定工具时，也可作为参考。