Purpose of the study: the aim of this study was to synthesize PFC fNIRS outcomes on the effects of cognitive tasks compared to resting/baseline tasks in healthy adults from studies utilizing a pre/post design.
Material and methods: original research studies were searched from seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDro and PubMed). Subsequently, two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts followed by full-text reviews to assess the studies' eligibility.
Results: eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and had data abstracted and quality assessed. Methodology varied considerably and yet cognitive tasks resulted in the ΔO2Hb increasing in 8 of the 11 and ΔHHb decreasing in 8 of 8 studies that reported this outcome. The cognitive tasks from 10 of the 11 studies were classified as “Working Memory” and “Verbal Fluency Tasks”.
Conclusions: although, the data comparison was challenging provided the heterogeneity in methodology, the results across studies were similar. 相似文献
The purpose of this literature review is to investigate clinical treatment methods of total body irradiation within the context of a clinical department adopting a paediatric cohort with no existing technique. An extensive review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Clinicians Knowledge Network. Articles were limited to nonhelical tomotherapy, nonparticle therapies, and those using hyperfractionated regimes. Total marrow irradiation was excluded because of national treatment and trial limitations. Of the numerous patient positioning methods present within the literature, the most comfortable and reproducible positioning methods for total body irradiation include both supine and the supine and/or prone combination. These positions increased stability and patient comfort during treatment, while also facilitating computed tomography data acquisition at the simulation stage. Ideally, dose calculations should be performed using a three-dimensional treatment planning system and quality assurance procedures that include in vivo dosimetry measurements. The available literature also suggests inhomogeneity correction factors and intensity modulation are superior to conventional open field techniques and should be implemented within developing protocols. Dynamic machine dose modulation is suggested to reduce department impact, removing the need for tissue compensators and accessory shielding devices, while providing significant improvements to treatment time and dose accuracy. Further long-term survival and intensity modulation studies are warranted, including direct comparisons of both dose modulation and treatment efficiency. 相似文献
Summary Two cases of meningiomas, which are considered to have been caused by the preceding irradiation, are reported. In both cases, the cytokinetic study of the tumour using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was performed. The percent of the tumour cells in the S phase of the cell cycle was less than 1% in both cases. The low labelling indices might suggest a relatively slow growing potential of these tumours, though the radiation-induced meningiomas were reported as being rapidly growing and malignant. 相似文献
Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) is being currently used in patients with coronary artery disease. Laser irradiation (LI) has been effective in vaporizing atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of this work was twofold: to compare PTA and LI techniques in the recanalization of experimental obstructive arterial lesions, and to evaluate the possibility of reducing the failures and local complications and increasing the success rate of PTA by the combined use of LI. Atherosclerotic iliac stenoses were induced in 27 rabbits; lesions were evaluated angiographically before and after intervention and were studied histologically and by electron microscopy. Argon-ion LI delivered through microlens-tip optic fibers reduced the stenotic area from 64.2 +/- 21.8% to 40.3 +/- 10.7% (n = 10, P less than .01) and PTA from 60.7 +/- 15.9% to 30.4 +/- 7.7% (n = 9, P less than .01). However, percentage reduction was higher in PTA-treated stenoses (48.4 +/- 10.1% vs 34.5 +/- 13.5%, P less than .0125). In eight more rabbits, low power LI (4.55 +/- 1.25 J) was delivered after PTA in dilated segments. Post-PTA LI further decreased stenoses (from 31.2 +/- 7.8% to 29.1 +/- 8.1%, P less than .0125); laser-irradiated segments showed diffuse carbonization of the disrupted intimal layer. The normalized transtenotic pressure gradient decreased significantly in all groups: LI reduced the gradient from .40 +/- .25 to .17 +/- .07 (P = .005); PTA from .37 +/- .14 to .11 +/- .04 (P = .001); LI after PTA from .40 +/- .16 to .12 +/- .06 (P = .001). Thus, LI is effective (less than PTA) in relieving experimental atherosclerotic stenoses and seems useful when combined with PTA. 相似文献