青岛市2018年1例疟疾死亡病例分析

目的 分析青岛市2018年1例输入性恶性疟的死亡原因,为预防疟疾死亡病例发生提供参考。方法 访谈接诊医生及患者家属,对患者病历和流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果 患者刘某,男,35岁,青岛市城阳区人,2018年3月19日到科特迪瓦务工,7月17日回国。25日患者到韩国办事,26日下午出现发冷、发热、出汗、头痛、浑身酸痛等症状,26—27日自服退烧药无好转,28日上午到韩国某医院就诊,未明确诊断,下午出现腹泻、呕吐症状,29日下午回国,14∶59到城阳区人民医院就诊,精神萎靡,经询问患者有非洲出国史可能患疟疾,16∶30将患者转诊至疟疾治疗定点医院,17∶50到达青岛市传染病医院时患者呈深昏迷状态,医生考虑患者病情危重且该院正在改建无ICU病房,建议转至有抢救条件的综合医院抢救。19:40患者转入海慈医疗集团ICU病房,21∶00被确诊为恶性疟,因病情危重,患者于30日14∶15死于多脏器功能衰竭。结论 对于输入性疟疾,根据流行病学史、临床症状和实验室检测结果尽早明确诊断,尽早使用抗疟药治疗,是避免出现死亡病例的关键。     

米利酮对豚鼠心乳头肌及主动脉条的作用

米利酮是非洋地黄，非儿茶酚胺类强心药，具有明显的正性肌力和扩血管作用。国外用于治疗难治性心衰及洋地黄中毒的心衰病人。本文用豚鼠乳头肌及主动脉条进行实验，结果表明合成与进口米利酮的正性肌力作用效价相同，对抗去甲肾上腺素缩血管的作用也等同。     

外周血出现裂殖体非重症恶性疟1例分析

2020年1月腾冲市报告的1例非洲输入性恶性疟病例,曾到刚果金务工,自述在国外期间曾患疟疾,于回国途中发病。实验室检查白细胞3.89×10⁹/L,血红蛋白141 g/L,血小板75×10⁹/L,丙氨酸转氨酶188 U/L,天门冬氨酸转氨酶110 U/L,总胆红素29.3 μmol/L,血糖6.66 mmol/L,尿素氮3.8 mmol/L,肌酐95 μmol/L。其血涂片显微镜下可见环状体、大滋养体、未成熟裂殖体,疟原虫密度54 846 个/μL血,环状体占86.38%（8 640/10 002）、大滋养体占13.51%（1 351/10 002）、裂殖体占0.11%（11/10 002）,PCR基因检测确诊为恶性疟,经抗疟及对症支持治疗后痊愈。恶性疟外周血中出现裂殖体期原虫较少见,镜检时应注意与其他疟原虫鉴别。     

Guidelines on the Treatment of Chronic Coinfection by Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV Outside Endemic Areas

Abstract

As a result of population migration, Chagas disease is no longer limited to the North and South American continents. In HIV-infected patients, chronic infection by Try-panosoma cruzi behaves as an opportunistic infection in severely immunosuppressed patients and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Unlike other opportunistic infections, information on the natural history, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Chagas disease is scarce. Spain has the highest number of cases of Chagas disease outside the North and South American continents, and coinfection with HIV is increasingly prevalent. In this article, the Spanish Society for Tropical Medicine and International Health (Sociedad Española de Medicina Tropical y Salud Interna-cional) reviews the current situation of coinfection with HIV and T. cruzi infection and provides guidelines on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in areas where Cha-gas disease is not endemic. It also identifies areas of uncertainty where additional research is necessary.     

输入性疟疾90例临床特征分析

目的了解输入性疟疾的临床特点,抗疟疾药治疗效果,为临床诊治提供参考依据。方法对2008年1月至2018年6月笔者所在医院感染病科收住的90例非洲务工疟疾患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗方案进行回顾性分析。结果 90例患者均有发热现象,伴畏寒寒战84例,贫血30例,脾肿大24例。出现并发症57例,其中急性肝损害18例,急性血管内溶血15例,急性肾衰竭6例,脑型疟疾9例,肺病变9例。血小板减少有66例,其中严重减少18例,淋巴细胞减少60例,出现黄疸者共63例,以间接胆红素升高为主,ALT升高42例。血检疟原虫阳性率57例,其中间日疟15例,恶性疟18例,分型不详24例,根据情况选用不同抗疟药物治疗,所有病例最终均有效控制症状。结论输入性疟疾临床症状典型,有急性肝损害、急性血管内溶血、急性肾衰竭、脑型疟疾及肺病变等常见并发症。血检疟原虫阳性率较高。血小板减少较普遍且较严重,淋巴细胞比例严重减少者病情重。肾损害比例高。常用抗疟药物能有效控制症状。     

基于国产与进口精确放疗设备在原发性肝癌与胰腺癌的临床剂量学评价研究

目的对比国产及进口精确放疗设备应用于原发性肝癌与胰腺癌放疗剂量学特点,评估国产精确放疗设备的临床应用情况。方法回顾性选取原发性肝癌(分为小肝癌和大肝癌)、胰腺癌患者各60例,对选取病例分别进行静态调强计划设计。采用加速器设备的不同将患者计划分为进口组和国产组。评估计划剂量学参数并实施剂量验证。结果所有计划靶区和危及器官受照剂量均能符合临床要求。原发性肝癌患者均匀指数国产组均值略优于进口组,差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05);所有病例适形指数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),计划国产组肝脏V₁₀、V₃₀与进口组相比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),原发性肝癌计划进口组肝脏D_mean显著低于国产组计划(P<0.05),小肝癌计划国产组脊髓D_max显著低于进口组(P<0.05)。结论国产设备和进口设备相比较能够完成常规调强计划设计与执行,其计划质量与剂量验证结果均与进口设备保持了良好的一致性,国产放疗设备基本能够满足精确放疗的临床需求。     

2005-2011年青神县输入性疟疾个案调查

目的掌握青神县输入性疟疾流行现状,为制定疟疾防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2005-2011年青神县实验室确诊输入性疟疾病例的个案调查进行分析。结果 2005-2011年共有实验室确诊输入性疟疾病例65例,其中间日疟37例,恶性疟27例,混合感染1例。病例分布于青神8个乡镇,占全县乡镇的80%;除12月外其余各月均有发病;男女性别比为15.25∶1;年龄在17～46岁间;职业全为民工。感染地主要为云南、缅甸等疟疾高发区,病例为62例,占输入病例95.39%。结论青神县输入性疟疾均为外出打工的青壮年,以男性为主,病例感染地主要为云南、缅甸疟疾高发区。     

Clinical features and viral RNA shedding of imported and local cases with COVID-19 in Wenzhou,China

Wenzhou had the highest number of confirmed novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cases outside the Hubei province. The aim of this study was to identify the difference in clinical features and viral RNA shedding between the imported and local COVID-19 cases in Wenzhou.All patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Wenzhou Sixth People''s Hospital, Wenzhou Central Hospital Medical Group, from January 17 to February 11, 2020, were enrolled in this study. Data was analyzed and compared for the imported and local cases with regard to epidemiological, demographic, clinical, radiological features, and laboratory findings. Outcomes for the enrolled participants were followed up until May 7, 2020.Of the 136 cases, 50 were imported from Wuhan. The median age was 45 years and 73 (53.7%) were men. The most common symptoms at onset were fever (104 [76.5%]) and cough (85[62.5%]). Pleural effusion was more common among imported cases compared to local cases. The white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count of the imported cases were significantly lower than those of the local cases, while the prothrombin time was significantly longer than that of the local cases. Severe and critically ill patients accounted for 15.4% and 2.9%, respectively. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding from symptom onset was 26 days (IQR 17–32.3 days) and there were no significant differences in duration of viral RNA shedding between the two groups.The study findings suggest that imported cases from Wuhan were more likely to be severe compared to the local cases in Wenzhou. However, there was no difference between imported and local cases on the viral shedding among the COVID patients.     

Transmission Risk from Imported Plasmodium vivax Malaria in the China–Myanmar Border Region

Malaria importation and local vector susceptibility to imported Plasmodium vivax infection are a continuing risk along the China–Myanmar border. Malaria transmission has been prevented in 3 border villages in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, by use of active fever surveillance, integrated vector control measures, and intensified surveillance and response.     

2017—2021年福建省输入性疟疾疫情分析

目的 分析2017—2021年福建省输入性疟疾的疫情特征,为消除疟疾后的防控工作提供科学参考。方法 收集2017—2021年福建省输入性疟疾的疫情资料,运用Microsoft Excel 2010软件对病例的感染分型、感染来源、三间分布、就诊和诊断情况等进行描述性分析。结果 2017—2021年福建省共报告境外输入性疟疾病例407例,均为实验室确诊病例,其中恶性疟307例(75.43%)、间日疟46例(11.30%)、卵形疟34例(8.36%)、三日疟16例(3.93%)、混合感染4例(0.98%)。感染来源为非洲30个国家(376例,92.38%)、亚洲5个国家(18例,4.42%)、大洋洲1个国家(12例,2.95%)和南美洲1个国家(1例,0.25% );主要由福州市(314例,77.15%)报告。人群分布以男性为主(363例,89.19%),年龄主要集中在30~50岁(256例,62.90%)。病例主要在医疗机构初诊(389例,95.58%)、确诊(377例,92.63%)和报告(393例,96.56%),初诊正确率为71.25%(290/407)。发病-初诊、初诊-确诊、发病-确诊的时间间隔中位数分别为2 d、0 d和3 d。 结论 福建省仍面临严峻的境外输入性疟疾的持续性挑战,需继续加强对输入性疫情的监测,巩固疟疾消除成果。