Effects of Phentolamine on Hemorrheology and Hemodynamics in Dogs with Acute Liver Damage

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＰｈｅｎｔｏｌａｍｉｎｅｏｎＨｅｍｏｒｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＨｅｍｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｎＤｏｇｓｗｉｔｈＡｃｕｔｅＬｉｖｅｒＤａｍａｇｅＤＡＮＺｉｌｉ（但自力）；ＺＨＡＮＧＷｅｎｙｉｎｇ（张文英）；ＬＩＳｈａｏｂａｉ（李绍白）（Ｉｎ...     

急性等容性血液稀释对血浆ET和CGRP水平的影响

目的　探讨急性等容性血液稀释 (ANH)对血浆内皮素 (ET)和降钙基因相关肽(CGRP)水平的影响。方法　选择非心脏手术ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 2 0例 ,麻醉前快速输入复方乳酸钠1 0～ 1 5ml/kg。麻醉后从桡动脉放血 1 0ml/kg ,同时经静脉输入等量的 4 %琥珀酰明胶。观察ANH麻醉前 (T0 )、血液稀释完成后 1 0min(T1 )、2 0min(T2 )、30min(T3 )的血液动力学、血浆ET和CGRP浓度的变化。结果　ANH前后MAP、HR、SpO2 和ECG均较稳定。ANH后 1 0min、2 0min血浆ET水平分别为 (1 4 4 4 7± 1 9 1 7) pg/ml和 (1 5 7 1 7± 1 2 4 5 ) pg/ml,但明显高于ANH前的 (1 2 7 6 8±2 0 92 ) pg/ml(P <0 0 5 )。ANH后 1 0min、2 0min血浆CGRP水平分别为 (5 4 72± 2 5 6 5 )pg/ml和(5 5 32± 1 7 94 )pg/ml,也明显高于ANH前的 (4 4 6 2± 1 6 90 ) pg/ml(P <0 0 5 )。而ET/CGRP比值无明显变化。结论　ANH近期血浆ET和CGRP水平均有一定的增加 ,但ET/CGRP比值的变化无统计学意义 ,同时心血管反应不明显 ,表明血浆ET和CGRP的动态平衡对ANH时的循环稳定起着重要的作用     

高容血液稀释联合术中控制性降压对腰椎手术病人心率变异性的影响

目的:探讨术前急性高容血液稀释联合术中硝普钠控制性降压对腰椎手术病人心率变异性(HRV)的影响.方法:15例腰椎骨折椎板减压、切复内固定病人,术前输入6%羟乙基淀粉20ml/kg和乳酸林格氏液20ml/kg以实施急性高容血液稀释,术中采用硝普钠微泵输注实施控制性降压,输注速度为0.5～6μg·kg-1·min-1,控制平均压(MAP)在55～65mmHg之间.观察插管后稀释前(T0)、稀释后降压前(T1)、降压后10min(T2)、30min(T3)和停降压后10min(T4)和30min(T5)6个时间点总功率谱(TP)、低频值(LF)、高频值(HF)、LF/HF、标化低频值(Lfnrom)和标化高频值(Hfnorm).结果:以上6个时间点TP、LF、HF、LF/HF、Lfnrom和Hfnorm均无显著变化.结论:术前急性高容血液稀释联合术中控制性降压时心脏自主神经功能稳定.     

等容血液稀释治疗高血压病75例疗效观察

本文报告等容血液稀释（简称ＤＨ）治疗高血压病７５例，总有效率为９０．２％，４８例随访２年血压下降稳定持久，血液流变学改善，总有效率为８７．５％。结果表明：ＨＤ治疗高血压病可以改善血流高粘滞状态，降低血液粘度，增强血液流动性，减少血流阻力，改善微循环灌流，从而达到降低血压和改善器官血流，达到持久降压及减少器官合并症。一次ＨＤ与降压药适量配伍，疗效更显著而持久，可维持数月至２年以上。     

Influence of volume replacement with different HES–solutions on microcirculatory blood flow in cardiac surgery

A variety of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparations with different molecular weight average (Mw) and molar substitution (MS) is available for volume replacement during acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH). Particularly with regard to microcirculation, the ideal solution for volume therapy has not been found. A 5th group without ANH served as a control (10 patients in each group). In addition to systemic haemodynamics and various laboratory parameters, skin capillary blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Laser Doppler flow (LDF) was monitored simultaneously at the patient's forehead and forearm. Changes in systemic haemodynamics were similar in all ANH–patients. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was lowest after infusion of HES 200/0.5. The most pronounced increase in plasma viscosity was in patients of group 1 (450/0.7) (P<0.05) and plasma viscosity remained highest during the entire investigation period in these patients. After ANH, skin capillary blood flow measured at the forehead decreased in all patients except in patients of group 2 (200/0.5: max. + 18%). Group 3 (200/0.62) showed the highest decrease in forehead–LDF. During CPB, forehead–LDF decreased significantly in groups 3 (200/0.62) and 4 (40/0.5). At the end of the operation, LDF was most reduced in groups 1 (– 32%) and 3 (– 33%). Forearm–LDF increased in all ANH–patients. Immediately after ANH this increase was lowest in group 3 (200/0.62). In the further course of the investigation, no more differences were seen in any HES patients. The different HES preparations showed a different microcirculatory response. 6% HES 200/0.5 seems to be overall most suitable for volume replacement in cardiac surgery patients undergoing acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH) due to the best effects on microcirculatory skin perfusion assessed by laser Doppler flow. HES 6% 200/0.62 showed the overall least positive effects with regard to skin capillary blood flow in this situation.     

血液动力学方法治疗犬脑血管痉挛的实验研究

采用不同的血液动力学方法，对犬网膜下腔出血后引起的症状性脑血管痉挛进行治疗，我们发现：（１）等容称释加胞二磷胆碱和多巴酚丁胺疗法与人工扩容疗法疗效相同，但与等容稀释加胞二磷胆碱疗法相比，疗效有显著性差异，前者尤其知于扩容稀释禁忌证的病人；（２）稀释剂中加入胞二磷胆碱，可使红细胞变形能力半加，改善脑微循环（３）大剂量应用多巴胺升压，部分病例可使ＣＶＳ加重，临床应慎用。     

稀释式自体输血与血液稀释用于乳腺癌根治术的临床观察

目的 观察在乳腺癌根治术中采用稀释式自体输血和急性血液稀释对血液生理的影响。方法 24例乳腺癌根治术病人ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为自体输血组（AT）和血液稀释组（HD）。全麻下,AT组采血396－639ml,并输等量6％羟乙基淀粉（HES）注射液,HD组先输入HES 500ml后手术。监测术中失血量、输液量、循环生理指标,检验术前（T1）、血液稀释后输自体血前（T2）及术后1日（T3）的Hb、RBC、Hct、Plt、WBC。结果 AT组T2的HB、RBC、Hct值明显低于HD组（P＜0．05）,而T3明显高于HD组（P＜0．05）。结论 稀释式自体输血能更有效地减少血液流失,保存红细胞。     

稀释法自体输血在喉癌手术中的应用

目的：探讨稀释法自体输血在喉癌手术中的应用价值。方法：对３０例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者采用稀释法自体输血（稀释组）,仅在术中失血过多时,再输入适量异体血;将３０例病情及手术方法与稀释组一致的喉癌患者为对照组,不采用稀释法自体输血,有输血指征时输入异体血。结果：稀释组中仅８例需输入异体血,对照组中１９例需输入异体血,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）;两组均无并发症发生（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：稀释法自体输血     

手术病人轻、中度急性等容血液稀释时心脏代偿功能及心肌酶谱的改变

目的 :测定非心脏外科手术病人应用急性等容血液稀释 (ANHD)时 ,心输出量 (CO)、心脏射血量 (SV)及心肌酶谱的改变 ,评价心脏在氧供降低时的氧合情况及心肌是否缺氧受损。方法 :选择临床大中型非心脏外科手术病人 40例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,麻醉平稳后正常体温下行ANHD ,测定不同程度血液稀释 (HD)时 (HD1、HD2 、HD3 的HCT分别约为 2 8% ,2 5 % ,2 3% ) ,心输出量 (CO)、心脏射血量 (SV)及心肌酶谱的改变。结果 :从HD1～HD3,即使在HD3 水平 ,CO(SV)下降时 ,心肌酶均未升高 ,回输血后心肌酶谱升高 ,与HD前比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :手术病人进行轻、中度ANHD时 ,当CO(SV)降低 ,心脏失代偿时 ,未出现心肌酶的升高 ,再次说明心肌未受损