血液浓、释对烫伤大鼠肾髓质活体微循环影响

本文活体观察了不同红细胞压积(HCT)大鼠烫伤后肾乳头直血管微循环改变。结果发现:不同HCT大鼠烫伤后均出现程度不同的直血管扩张、渗出、RBC聚集、血流速度减慢甚至部分停滞和流动直血管数(FVN)的减少。但其严重程度组间存在显著差异。其中血浓缩组(HCT55—60％)肾乳头微循环障碍明显重于正常(HCT46％)组;而血稀释组(HCT35—38％)较其它烫伤组微循环障碍明显改善。说明:血液浓、释对烫伤大鼠肾髓质微循环产生明显影响;血稀释治疗对改善烫伤引起的肾髓质微循环障碍,预防急性肾功能衰竭具有重要意义。     

RDW-MCV贫血分类法的临床意义

为研究RDW /MCV分类法在临床中的应用 ,将EDTA盐抗凝血于K -4 5 0 0型血细胞分析仪上检测。结果可将贫血分为六类 ,即小细胞均一性 (如α、β -地贫 )、小细胞不均一性 (如缺铁性贫血 )、大细胞均一性、大细胞不均一性 (如巨幼贫 )、正细胞均一性 (大失血性贫血 )和正细胞不均一性。认为RDW /MCV给临床医生对贫血诊断及鉴别诊断提供很有价值的筛选和诊断指标 ,尤其是对小细胞性贫血 ,如IDA与α、β -轻型地中海贫血的筛选和鉴别诊断     

全自动细菌分析系统检测耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的初步评价

采用琼脂筛选法、纸片扩散法和仪器法平行进行葡萄球菌苯唑西林敏感性的测定 ,同时进行微生物敏感性试验。结果显示 :MRS的分离率为 5 4.4% ,琼脂筛选法和仪器法两法对MRS检测的符合率为 96 .7%。MRS对万古霉素最敏感 ,敏感率 10 0 % ;呋喃妥因次之 (耐药率 0 .0 2 4% )。VITEK32型细菌分析系统可准确检测MRS。认为MRS以万古霉素治疗效果最佳 ,其次为呋喃妥因     

The use of the iSTAT portable analyzer in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective. To evaluate the utility of the iSTAT blood analyzer, a bedside device for hematocrit, sodium, potassium, and glucose measurement during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods. Forty patients scheduled for elective CPB were evaluated prospectively. In addition to using the iSTAT analyzer, blood samples were analyzed at four time points: following induction of anesthetic, 10 min. after initiation of CPB, 60 min. after initiation of CPB, and following heparin neutralization by protamine. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the hospital laboratory using a Kodak Analyzer and by a glucose meter, electrolytes were evaluated by the Kodak Analyzer and BGE (a device which is commonly used for satellite laboratory determinations of electrolyte and blood gas results), and hematocrit samples were measured by the hospital laboratory using an NE 8,000 and a centrifuge. The means and standard deviations of the differences between the methods were calculated.Results. The hematocrit values determined by the iSTAT machine, when adjusted for the level of total protein (according to manufacturer's directions), differed from the laboratory values by 0.53 = 1.46 percentage points. An alternative to measuring total protein and making the adjustment is simply adding 1 % to the hematocrit in the pre-CPB period and 3% on-CPB or post-CPB, which we found to yield values that differed from the laboratory by 0.52 ± 1.42 percentage points. For all four tests (hematocrit, sodium, potassium, and glucose) the iSTAT had a similar relationship to the laboratory values as did the other commonly used means (centrifuge, BGE, and glucose meter) of clinical evaluation.Conclusion. In summary, we found that in patients undergoing CPB, the iSTAT values agreed sufficiently well with standard laboratory values and that the iSTAT instrument can be relied upon for bedside measurements.Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Philadelphia, PA, May 1995, and at the 70th meeting of the IARS, Washington DC, March 1996. Supported in part by a grant by iSTAT Corporation.     

Effect of short-term administration of lead to pregnant rats.

Lead was administred to adult female rats in drinking water (0;0.1:1 and 10 ppm) for 3 weeks before mating, during pregnancy and during 3 weeks after delivery. On day 21 after delivery the mothers and their newborns were sacrified and various parameters of blood -- lead concentration on (Pb-B), hematocrit (Htc), hemoglobin (Hb), free erythrocyte porphyrins (FEP), delta0aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) -- and tissue -- ALAD, free tissue porphyrins (FTP), lead concentration (Pb-T) -- were determined. In mothers a significant increase in Pb-B and Pb concentration in kidney was found in the 10 ppm group, but this increase in lead concentration was not associated with any statistically significant modification of the biochemical parameters. In newborns, lead concentration in blood and in kidney was also significantly increased in the 10 ppm group and this lead exposure was associated with a decrease of the ALAD activity in blood and an increase of FTP in kidney. On the basis of the biochemical parameters investigated one can therefore conclude that the developing organism is more susceptible to the biological action of lead than the organism of adult animals and that the "no-effect" level of lead administered during pregnancy and in the neonatal period is around 1 ppm.     

Toxicology of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol,a deoxynivalenol-transformation product by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8

Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON) represents a new approach to treating DON-contaminated grains. A bacterium Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 was capable of completely transforming DON into a major product 3-epi-DON and a minor product 3-keto-DON. Evaluation of toxicities of these DON-transformation products is an important part of hazard characterization prior to commercialization of the biotransformation application. Cytotoxicities of the products were demonstrated by two assays: a MTT bioassay assessing cell viability and a BrdU assay assessing DNA synthesis. Compared with DON, the IC₅₀ values of 3-epi-DON and 3-keto-DON were respectively 357 and 3.03 times higher in the MTT bioassay, and were respectively 1181 and 4.54 times higher in the BrdU bioassay. Toxicological effects of 14-day oral exposure of the B6C3F₁ mouse to DON and 3-epi-DON were also investigated. Overall, there were no differences between the control (free of toxin) and the 25 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day 3-epi-DON treatments in body and organ weights, hematology and organ histopathology. However, in mice exposed to DON (2 mg/kg bw/day), white blood cell numbers and serum immunoglobulin levels were altered relative to controls, and lesions were observed in adrenals, thymus, stomach, spleen and colon. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3-epi-DON is substantially less toxic than DON.