Epithelial tissue formation in matrix culture and in histophysiologic gradient culture

Summary Formation of epithelial tissues in culture so that they become facsimiles in their structure of such tissues in nature requires procedures that comply with several spatial imperatives: a) three-dimensional growth; b) histophysiologic conditions that provide, concurrently, gradients of maturation and of diffusion of metabolites; and c) growth as layers of cells without free edges. Many steps have been required in the evolution of these methods. Two systems are described here in sufficient detail to serve as a manual. Three-dimensional growth of masses of epithelial tissue is accomplished in matrix culture using Gelfoam sponge and collagen-coated cellulose sponge. Radial gradient culture, a recent development, provides conditions that comply with the requirements of histophysiologic gradients and of epithelial tissue growth in layers without interruption in their continuity.     

异种骨基质明胶(BMG)诱导成骨活性的实验研究

本文按着 Urist 方法制备了人、兔、猪和羊四种骨基质明胶(BMG),分别将其植入25只成年 SD 大鼠的胸部和股部肌肉,在手术的第2、4、6和8周后,通过光学显微镜观察各种 BMG 在肌肉内的免疫排斥反应和诱导成骨活性。结果表明:异种 BMG 具有一定的诱导成骨能力。但在 BMG 周围亦出现程度不同的排斥反应。本文认为,进一步降低 BMG 的抗原性,提高其诱导成骨活性,对于异种 BMG的临床应用将具有重要意义。     

阿霉素磁性明胶微球的研究

报告了阿霉素磁性明胶微球（Ａｄｒ－ＭＧ－ｍｓ）的制备与性质，研究了超细氧化铁粒子的合成和磁性明胶微球（ＭＧ－ｍｓ）在狗体内的栓塞效果。阿霉素磁性明胶微球由２％阿霉素（Ａｄｒ）、６８％明胶和３０％的磁铁粒子组成，微球的平均粒径为２２μｍ。在体外实验中，药物释放速度证明微球有缓释的性质。磁铁粒子的平均粒径约为１０ｎｍ，磁性明胶微球与￣（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ标记磁性明胶微球通过导管分别输入狗的肝动脉内进行栓塞，照相和血管造影显示在未加外磁场时磁性明胶微球在左右肝叶分布几乎相等，而在１２００高斯的外磁场作用下，靶部位肝左叶的微球分布是肝右叶的２．２５倍，而甲状腺、脑、心脏的微球很微量，结果表明磁性明胶微球在外磁场作用下是一个很好的治疗肝癌的栓塞剂。     

同种与异种骨基质明胶修复颅骨缺损的实验研究

以家兔颅顶骨直径１０ｍｍ园形骨缺损作为动物模型，分别植入同种（兔）、异种（人、猪、羊）的骨基质明胶。植入后４、８、１２、１６ｗ进行ｘ线摄片和组织学检查。结果显示，同种骨基质明胶无免疫排斥反应，具有良好的骨诱导作用，术后１２ｗ骨缺损完全修复；异种骨基质明胶植入早期，存在着不同程度的排斥反应，植骨后期（１２～１６ｗ），随着排斥反应的减轻，亦出现了诱导成骨。结果说明，如能改进异种骨基质明胶的制作方法，降低其抗原性，将具有重要的临床应用价值。     

FD-1冷冻干燥机的研制及生物材料的冷冻干燥

观察自制冷冻干燥机冷冻干燥生物材料的效果。采用 R5 0 2压缩机和制冷剂制成 FD- 1冷冻干燥机。本实验冷冻干燥了胶原海绵、菌种及去纤酶。在冻干箱负载或空载情况下蒸发冷凝器温度均可达到 - 4 5℃ ,小冰箱可达到 - 30℃ ,冻干的胶原海绵具有许多孔洞的结构 ,冻干的菌种和去纤酶性能保持良好。 FD- 1冷冻干燥机适用于生物样品中小批量的冷冻干燥     

Induction of immunoglobulin-producing human peripheral blood lymphocytes in serum-free medium

Induction of immunoglobulin-secreting cells from human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a serum-free culture medium was studied. Albumin, transferrin, insulin and fibronectin can replace serum entirely for support of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated B lymphocytes, measured by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated red cells. In this serum-free system, growth and maturation to IgM and IgG secretion occur at the same or higher efficiency as in conventional serum-containing medium, with maximum numbers of plaque-forming cells on day 6 at optimal dose of PWM, 0.5 ～ 5 μg/ml. This system can be used to avoid the interference from undefined serum components.     

Structural-mechanical properties and swelling of protein complexes of hyaluronate and protein-chrondroitin-4-sulfate

Structural-mechanical strength and swelling of gels consisting of gelatin and potassium hyaluronate (PHY) or potassium protine-chondroitin-4-sulfate (PPCS) were shown to depend on the ratio between the components. With low concentrations of PHY and PPCS the minimum of structural-mechanical strength coincided with the maximum of swelling of the gels. In zones of neutralization of the positive electric charges of gelatin by macropolyanions, high structural-mechanical strength of the gels coincided with the minimum of swelling. In high concentrations of PHY, structural-mechanical strength and swelling of the gel became equal to the values characteristic of a gel consisting of gelatin only, but in high concentration of PPCS there was an additional parallel increase in this strength and in swelling of the gel.(Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S. Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1211–1213, October, 1976.     

非水介质中明胶水凝胶电场驱动行为的研究

研究了明胶水凝胶在绝缘硅油中的电场响应行为。结果表明,在硅油中,明胶水凝胶在外加高压直流电场作用下可发生运动,其运动由转动和平动两部分组成。存在一个运动所需的最小阈值电场,只有外加电场在此阈值以上时,才可观察到水凝胶明显的运动。水凝胶的运动速度随外加电场的增大而增大,其运动可通过外加电场的大小来调控。由硅油很稳定且在电场中会电解,因此避免了传统电场驱动水凝胶在水介质中响应时不可避免的电解缺点,为建立一种新的电响应凝毅然驱动方式提供了可能。     

髓质海绵肾X线诊断12例

目的：提高对髓质海绵肾Ｘ线表现的认识。方法：报告１２例髓质海绵肾的Ｘ线平片和ＩＶＰ所见,并作文献复习。结果：本病的Ｘ线平片和ＩＶＰ均有特征性改变。结论：Ｘ线平片和ＩＶＰ是诊断髓质海绵肾的首选方法。     

海绵动物的生物活性产物及其药理作用

概括来源于海洋海绵动物中新发现的36种生物活性次生代谢产物，阐述其化学成分及药理作用的研究进展。其化学成分具有生物碱、甾醇、萜类、大环内酯、肽类等。经药效评价且有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤以及心血管活性等药理作用。这些具明显药理作用的生理活性化合物，作为新药先导化合物进行研究开发，具有良好的应用前景。