鼻塞式同步间歇正压通气(NIPPV)联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征疾病的临床应用研究

目的:分析鼻塞式同步间歇正压通气(NIPPV)联合布地奈德雾化治疗ARDS(新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征)疾病的临床应用效果。方法:纳入病例是2017年5月—2019年11月收治的104例ARDS新生儿,随机平均分为两组。参照组52例采纳CPAP(持续气道正压通气通气)治疗,实验组52例采纳NIPPV+布地奈德雾化治疗,对比两组呼吸机通气时间、用氧时间、住院时间、血气指标以及并发症发生情况。结果:实验组呼吸机通气时间、用氧时间、住院时间均明显短于参照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05;实验组治疗3 d后PaCO2明显低于参照组,实验组治疗3 d后PH以及PaO2明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05;实验组并发症发生率(3.85%,2/52)明显低于参照组(21.15%,11/52),差异有统计学意义P<0.05。结论:NIPPV+布地奈德雾化可有效缩短ARDS患者机械通气时间,改善血气指标,降低并发症发生率,值得借鉴。     

Regional fractional ventilation mapping in spontaneously breathing mice using hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI

The feasibility of ventilation imaging with hyperpolarized (HP) ¹²⁹Xe MRI has been investigated for quantitative and regional assessment of ventilation in spontaneously breathing mice. The multiple breath ventilation imaging technique was modified to the protocol of spontaneous inhalation of HP ¹²⁹Xe delivered continuously from a ¹²⁹Xe polarizer. A series of ¹²⁹Xe ventilation images was obtained by varying the number of breaths before the ¹²⁹Xe lung imaging. The fractional ventilation, r, was successfully evaluated for spontaneously breathing mice. An attempt was made to detect ventilation dysfunction in the emphysematous mouse lung induced by intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). As a result, the distribution of fractional ventilation could be visualized by the r map. Significant dysfunction of ventilation was quantitatively identified in the PPE‐treated group. The whole‐lung r value of 0.34 ± 0.01 for control mice (N = 4) was significantly reduced, to 0.25 ± 0.07, in PPE‐treated mice (N = 4) (p = 0.038). This study is the first application of multiple breath ventilation imaging to spontaneously breathing mice, and shows that this methodology is sensitive to differences in the pulmonary ventilation. This methodology is expected to improve simplicity as well as noninvasiveness when assessing regional ventilation in small rodents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

‘Ammonia,lactate and blood gases – A user's guide’

Basic biochemical tests are frequently obtained in acutely unwell neonates and children, as well as in some elective situations. Correct interpretation can be invaluable in identifying rare inherited primary metabolic disorders, but secondary causes of hyperammonaemia, elevated blood lactate or blood gas derangement are more common and require appropriate treatment of the underlying cause. This Personal Practice guide provides an overview of these tests and their interpretation.     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在小儿先心病术后的疗效观察

目的探析经鼻高流量湿化氧疗用于小儿先心病术后治疗中的效果以及护理措施。方法2014年9月—2017年10月在郑州儿童医院外科监护室接受手术治疗的先心病患儿中随机抽取130例,根据术后氧疗方法不同分组:对照组患儿术后给予常规面罩吸氧,观察组患儿术后给予经鼻高流量湿化氧疗,2组患儿均给予优质术后护理,对比2组的血气指标、住院时间等。结果2组患者氧疗后24h、48h的血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义,在氧疗后24h的PaCO2水平差异无统计学意义,而在氧疗后24h和48h的氧合指数,观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组ICU入住时间和总住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经鼻高流量湿化氧疗的应用提高先心病患儿术后的舒适度,改善呼吸状况,值得推广。     

一对一责任助产加笑气吸入用于分娩镇痛的疗效观察

目的探讨一对一责任助产加笑气吸入对分娩镇痛的疗效。 方法将576例产妇随机分为观察组和对照组．每组288例，两组均采用一对一责任助产及其他产科处理措施，观察组同时给予笑气吸入．观察两组的产痛程度、产程时间、分娩方式、笑气对新生儿的影响、产后出血及尿潴留等。 结果观察组无痛分娩率达95．8％．而对照组则为0（P〈0．01），观察组的产程时间短于对照组（P〈0．01）。 结论笑气吸入分娩镇痛产程时间短，对母婴均无不良影响，加一对一责任助产．是一种理想的分娩方法，值得产科临床推广使用。     

Comparison of local and general anesthesia in tension-free (Lichtenstein) hernioplasty: a prospective randomized trial

To compare pulmonary effects, postoperative pain and fatigue, morbidity, patient satisfaction, and cost of different anesthetic techniques for inguinal hernia repair, 50 patients were randomized to local and general anesthesia groups (LA and GA). All patients received the same premedications and the same postoperative analgesic regimen. The standardized postoperative analgesic, intramuscular pyroxicam 20 mg, was given to all patients in the recovery room and an additional 20 mg on the same day was given as requested by each patient. Pulmonary function studies and arterial blood gas analysis were performed 1 h prior to the operation and at the postoperative 8th and 24th hours. All patients underwent Lichtenstein's tension-free hernioplasty. Postoperative pain and fatigue were registered 8 h and 24 h after the operation. A questionnaire was filled out by the patients, and they were asked to give grades for the general comfort of the anesthesia and the surgical procedure (1=worst, 10=best). Postoperative pulmonary function tests were significantly poorer in the GA group both on 8th- and 24th-hour measurements (P<0.05). Patients who underwent LA had significantly lower PCO₂ and higher PO₂ at the postoperative 8th hour (P<0.05). Mean postoperative pain and fatigue scores revealed a significant difference in favor of local anesthesia at only the 8th hour (P<0.05). There were two complications, one in each group (a hematoma in LA and a urinary retention in GA). Patient satisfaction grades were not different in the two groups. We conclude that LA in inguinal hernia repair does not adversely affect pulmonary functions, patients feel less pain, and patient satisfaction is comparable to that with GA. Electronic Publication     

尿毒症时阴离子隙的影响因素

本文报告64例曾作过血电解质检查及血气分析的尿毒症患者。旨在推定尿毒症时阴离子隙(AG)的影响因素及临床意义。血Na~+及血Cl~-浓度可影响AG(P<0.01)、AG降低常伴血Cl~-浓度异常(P<0.01),血HCO_3~-浓度和AG值关系不大(P<0.05),酸中毒程度和AG数值之间无对应关系(P>0.05)。认为AG是确定尿毒症酸中毒很有用的参数,但由于受许多因素影响,应用时务须注意。     

Ventilation imaging of the lung: Comparison of hyperpolarized helium-3 MR imaging with Xe-133 scintigraphy

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare hyperpolarized helium-3 (HHe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung with standard Xe-133 lung ventilation scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 15 subjects who underwent HHe MRI and Xe-133 lung ventilation imaging. Coronal MRI sections were acquired after a single inhalation of HHe gas, and standard posterior planar lung ventilation scintigraphy was performed during continuous breathing of Xe-133 gas. The first breath scintigram of each patient was compared with a composite MR image composed of the sum of the individual MR images and with the individual helium-3 MR images. Ventilation defects on the two imaging modalities were compared for size, conspicuity, and concordance in presence and location. Assessment was done separately for each of four lung quadrants. RESULTS: Comparing the composite HHe MR images with Xe-133 scintigraphy, ventilation defect size, conspicuity and concordance were the same in 67% (40/60), 63% (38/60), and 62% (37/60) quadrants, respectively. Comparing the individual HHe MR image sections with the Xe-133 ventilation scan, there was concordance between the ventilation defects in 27% (16/60) of quadrants. More defects were identified on the individual HHe MR images in 62% (37/60) of quadrants. CONCLUSION: There was good agreement between composite HHe MR image and first breath Xe-133 scintigraphic images, supporting the widely held assumption that HHe MRI likely depicts first breath lung ventilation.     

胸腰椎压缩性骨折的护理要点

胸腰椎压缩性骨折的护理要点福建漳州市中医院（３６３０００）郭燕玲，陈联源我院自１９８９年来对胸腰椎压缩性骨折实行辨证护理，收到满意效果，介绍如下。常规护理：屈曲型胸腰椎压缩性骨折，令病人仰卧在硬板床上，骨折处垫一软枕头，在耐受的情况下逐渐增加枕头高度...     

新生儿窒息后血糖,血气,心肌酶活性测定及其相关因素分析

目的：探讨新生儿窒息后血糖，血气，心肌酶（谷草转氨酶，磷酸肌酸激酶及乳酸氢酶）的变化及其相关性。方法；血糖采用微量血糖仪测定，血气用足跟动脉化毛细血管法，心肌酶采用酶偶联连续监测，相关分析采用多元线性回归法。结果：低血糖８例，高血糖３例；３６例均存在着不同程度的低氧血症和混合性酸中毒；２２例心肌酶活性增高。血糖值与日龄呈负相关，与体温呈正相关，心肌酶活性男性高于女性，各酶之间有一定的相关性，但并非