高碘对仔鼠甲状腺功能影响及硒干预作用

目的 研究高碘摄入对小鼠仔代甲状腺的影响及硒的干预作用。方法 将60只Balb／c小鼠随机分为4组：正常对照组、高碘组（I 3000μg／L）、单独补硒组（Se200μg／L）、高碘（I3000μg／L）＋Se（200μg／L）组。各组分别饮用自来水、高碘水、加硒水和高碘加硒水，饲以纯系鼠饲科。4个月后，测尿碘，雌雄交配。观察14d龄仔鼠甲状腺病理变化，测定14d龄和28d龄仔鼠血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、总T4（T4）、总T3（TT3）和rT3水平。结果高碘组14d龄仔鼠出现弥漫胶质性甲状腺肿，高碘补硒组甲状腺肿减轻；14d龄仔鼠高碘组因清TT4水平显著低于对照组和高碘加硒组（P〈0．05），而TT3有降低的趋势，高碘组TSH显著高于对照组和高碘加硒组（P〈0．05）；28d龄仔鼠血清TT4和TT3水平以及TSH水平组间差异无统计学意义。结论高碘引起仔鼠甲状腺形态和功能异常改变，补硒具有一定改善作用。     

Safety assessment for octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (CAS Reg. No. 2082-79-3) from use in food contact applications

Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (CAS Reg. No. 2082-79-3), currently marketed as Irganox 1076 (I-76), is a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant used in a variety of organic substrates, including those used in the manufacture of food contact articles. In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Office of Food Additive Safety (OFAS), initiated a post-market re-evaluation of the food contact applications of I-76. This project aimed to ensure that current dietary exposures from the use of I-76 in food contact articles are accurately captured and the safety assessment considered all relevant and available toxicological information. To accomplish these aims, the USFDA reviewed the available toxicological studies and chemistry information on food contact applications of I-76. Based on this in-depth analysis, a NOAEL of 64 mg/kg-bw/d (female rats) from a chronic rat study and a cumulative estimated dietary intake (CEDI) of 4.5 mg/p/d, was used to calculate a margin of exposure (MOE) of ∼850. We concluded that the previous and current exposure levels provide an adequate margin of safety (MOS) and remain protective of human health for the regulated uses.     

碘缺乏或碘过量对小鼠子二代生长发育的影响

目的探讨碘缺乏和碘过量所致的甲状腺功能低下对小鼠子二代生长发育的影响。方法将断乳1个月Baldb／c小鼠，随机分为5组（LI，NI，5HI，10HI，50H1）。给以不同浓度碘水喂养3个月后，连续传二代。观察碘缺乏和碘过量对子二代小鼠生长发育的影响。结果20日龄时，各组子二代鼠与NI组相比，LI组与50HI组的T4明显降低；LI组的体重明显降低，50HI组体重、身长、尾长、胸腺、脾均明显降低，脑相对重量增加。40日龄时，各组子二代鼠与NI组相比，LI组T4明显降低；碘缺乏组的体重、身长、胸腺、脾、肾上腺的重量均明显降低，脑相对重量明显增加；50HI组体重、身长、尾长明显降低。结论碘缺乏，高剂量碘过量均可引起甲状腺功能低下，使子二代鼠的生长发育延迟。碘缺乏对生长发育的影响比碘过量更为明显。但小鼠对碘过量有较强的耐受性，当碘摄入量为正常的50倍时，才会影响下一代的生长发育。     

Initiating Factors of Chinese Intergenerational Conflict: Young Adults' Written Accounts

This study examined young adults' written accounts of intergenerational communication in conflict situations in the People's Republic of China. Using a content analysis approach, this study identified five major types of initiating factors that precipitated intergenerational conflict. Old-to-young criticism was most frequent, followed by illegitimate demand and rebuff. The least frequent initiating factors included young-to-old criticism and disagreement/generation gap. In addition, results indicated that more rebuffs were from nonfamily elders than from family elders, whereas disagreement with family elders was more frequent than with non-family elders. Proportionally speaking, no differences emerged between family and nonfamily elders for criticism (both old-to-young and young-to-old) and illegitimate demand. Results are discussed with respect to research in intergenerational communication, interpersonal conflict, and the Chinese socio-cultural norm of hierarchy and filial piety.     

母鼠注射麻黄素对仔鼠肝组织结构和总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽转移酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

目的:探讨妊娠或哺乳期女性食用麻黄素对胎幼儿的影响。方法:给妊娠和哺乳期母鼠连续腹腔注射不同剂量(2、4、6 g/L)的麻黄素溶液,用分光光度法检测仔鼠肝组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,生物显微技术观察仔鼠肝组织结构的变化。结果:麻黄素组仔鼠肝组织结构出现不同程度的病理性变化,肝血窦扩张,并有内皮细胞脱落、肝板萎缩等现象,仔鼠肝组织T-AOC、GST活性降低,肝组织MDA含量升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论:母鼠注射麻黄素会影响仔鼠肝组织结构和功能,麻黄素及其代谢物可能经胎盘或乳汁进入仔鼠体内损伤仔鼠肝组织的抗氧化系统,机体脂质过氧化反应增强,影响细胞的能量代谢。     

Psychological well-being of the institutionalized and community-residing oldest old in China: The role of children

Studies have shown that institutionalized older adults have worse psychological health than their community-residing counterparts. However, much less is known about this association in developing countries such as China with a rapidly aging population and a short history of institutional care. This article investigates the role of children in differences in psychological well-being between institutionalized and community-residing oldest-old adults in China. Using national data from the 1998, 2000, and 2002 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, results show that the institutionalized have significantly better psychological health-measured by positive affect, loneliness, and quality of life-than those living in the community. Furthermore, we find that the associations are moderated by child-related factors (number of children, proximity, and visits) and strengthened for the three measures of psychological well-being after adjustments for socioeconomic factors, social support, health behaviors, and health status. The results underscore the importance of family dynamics for the psychological health of the institutionalized population in a historically family-care oriented society.     

Chinese parenting in Hong Kong: links among goals,beliefs and styles

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among parental goals, parental beliefs and parenting styles. Questionnaires were completed during interviews with 189 Hong Kong‐Chinese mothers of children aged six to eight years. Results indicated that these mothers embraced Chinese parental beliefs (guan) and Chinese parental goals of filial piety and harmonious social relationships. In contrast to other studies on Chinese parenting, this study examined Chinese mothers’ adoption of psychological control in addition to authoritarian and authoritative parenting. Participants’ main styles were found to be authoritative and psychologically controlling rather than authoritarian as reported in previous research. Parental goals were found to mediate the effect of parental beliefs on adoption of parenting styles. Mothers who embraced guan and filial piety reported either an authoritarian or a psychologically controlling parenting style, while those who embraced guan and harmonious social relationships adopted an authoritative parenting style.     

电磁辐射对男性生殖系统的影响

睾丸是电磁辐射敏感的靶器官之一，电磁辐射(包括微波、极低频率电磁场、脉冲电磁场、电场和静电磁场)不仅可以引起睾丸结构和功能的损伤，造成性功能和生精能力下降，而且可影响子代。本文对该方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

广东主要柑桔果实过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶谱

采用蕉柑(Citrus reticulata cv.tankan Hayata)为材料测定了果皮中过氧化物酶的特性反应,可溶态和结合态不同状态酶的分配及果实中不同部位酶的分布,确定果顶的有色皮层为检测柑桔果实过氧化物酶的取样点。比较广东五个主要柑桔品种可溶态过氧化物酶活性的结果表明,酶活性与果实耐藏性呈负相关。蕉柑原产广东,是甜橙与柑的自然杂交种。从椪柑、蕉柑和暗柳橙的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱初步判断,三者之间有一定亲缘关系。还着重对广东柑桔果实中过氧化物酶的分布与果汁加工质量的关系进行了讨论。     

Stimulus contingency and the malleability of species-typical auditory preferences in Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) hatchlings

Precocial avian hatchlings are typically highly social and show strong species-typical preferences for the maternal calls of their own species. The influence of social contingencies on the acquisition of species-specific preferences has, however, largely been neglected. We found that exposing bobwhite (BW) quail chicks to a Japanese quail (JQ) call contingent on their own vocalizations for 5 min was sufficient to eliminate their species-typical preference for the BW maternal call. Yoked, noncontingent exposure had no such effect. The introduction of variability to the contingency, but not a lengthening of the training session, was found to engender even higher preferences for the JQ call. Chicks provided with contingent exposure to the JQ call on a variable ratio schedule showed a significant preference for the JQ over the BW maternal call, whereas chicks provided with equivalent fixed ratio exposure did not. These results highlight the role that social interaction and contingency can play in the acquisition and maintenance of species-specific auditory preferences in precocial avian species.