无花果多糖对氢化可的松致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察无花果多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的作用特点。方法：以氢化可的松所致免疫抑制小鼠为实验对象,连续7 d灌服无花果多糖,观察对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、溶血素及溶血空斑形成的影响。结果：无花果多糖可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,显著促进溶血素形成、明显促进溶血空斑形成。结论：无花果多糖对氢化可的松致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能有好的免疫促进作用。     

Hypolipidaemic Activity of Ficus carica Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats

A decoction of Ficus carica significantly lowered plasma triglyceride levels in rats with insulin-dependent diabetes (streptozotocin 80 mg/kg body weight) when it was administered orally (357±206 mg/dL before administration and 81±81 mg/dL 3 weeks after administration, p< 0.01, n =11). The plasma triglyceride levels in diabetic rats were also lower when the Gicus carica extract was administered intraperitoneally (608±391 mg/dL before administration; 444±310 mg/dL 90 min after administration; and 106±129 mg/dL 48 h after administration; p< 0.005, n =7). The cholesterolaemia remained unchanged.     

无花果水提取液抗疲劳作用及其对一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

目的探讨无花果水提取液的抗疲劳作用及其对一氧化氮合酶活性的影响。方法80只小鼠随机分成4组对照组,无花果水提取液低剂量组(0.22g/kg)、中剂量组(0.67g/kg)、高剂量组(2.0g/kg),连续灌胃5周后观察不同剂量的无花果水提取液灌胃的各组小鼠游泳时间,判断无花果水提取液的抗疲劳作用。同时测量小鼠游泳30min后的血中各种类型的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性。结果在游泳实验中,中、高剂量组的小鼠的游泳时间分别为(138.70±28.79)min和(56.55±16.64)min,明显高于对照组[(21.00±7.36)min](P<0.05),低剂量组的游泳时间为(23.43±3.90)min,高于对照组,但差异无显著性。在总NOS(tNOS)方面,低、中、高各剂量组的活性分别为(38.94±10.74)U/L、(31.04±9.14)U/L、(65.34±14.00)U/L,高于对照组的(18.35±4.82)U/L(P<0.05);在结构型NOS(cNOS)方面,中、高各剂量组的活性分别为(21.04±6.15)U/L和(21.91±6.67)U/L,与对照组的(5.94±1.72)U/L比差异有显著性(P<0.05),低剂量组的活性为(6.41±1.13)U/L与对照组比差异无显著性;而在诱导型的NOS(iNOS)方面低、中、高各剂量组的活性分别为(32.56±11.39)U/L、(10.51±3.03)U/L和(36.44±15.10)U/L与对照组的(12.78±2.92)U/L比较差异无显著性。结论无花果水提取液具有一定的抗疲劳作用,该作用可能是通过提高血中的tNOS、cNOS的活性来实现的。     

Steroidogenic enzyme histochemistry in the testis of Sprague Dawley rats following the administration the water extracts from Carica papaya seed

Water extracts from pawpaw seed have been reported to reversibly decrease the testicular weight and to suppress spermatogenesis, and fertility of Wistar rats. The reversible changes become evident, 30 - 45 days after the withdrawal of the extract. The possible effect of this extract on the activities of steroidogenic enzymes of the testis has not been investigated. Water extract of papaya seeds was administered to male Sprague Dawley rats ad libitum for 84 days. Following the discontinuation of the extracts, ten rats each were sacrificed on days 0, 10, 20 and 30 after the withdrawal. Their testes were quickly dissected out and frozen. Cryostat sections, 10μm thick were cut. These sections were used for immunohistochemical stains for side chain cleavage enzyme and aromatase, and for histochemical stains for 17-β Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3-β Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We conclude that the water extract of papaya seed suppresses the activities of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis of Sprague Dawley rats, and that this may contribute to reversible suppression of spermatogenesis, a property that gives a possible male contraceptive potential.     

Cross-reactivity between Ficus benjamina latex and fig fruit in patients with clinical fig allergy

BACKGROUND: Anaphylactic reactions to fig fruits (Ficus carica) have been reported from subjects sensitized to Ficus benjamina (FB) latex allergens. Figs may also be involved in the latex-fruit syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To study the immunologic relationship between fig fruit, Ficus benjamina, natural rubber latex (Hevea brasiliensis), and other tropical fruits. METHODS: RAST inhibition and Western blotting with FB and fruit extracts was performed in five patients with oral allergy syndrome (OAS) or anaphylaxis after the ingestion of figs and one patient with symptoms from exposure to FB trees. Co-sensitization to rubber latex and tropical fruits (kiwi, banana, avocado, papaya, pineapple, mulberry) was studied by skin testing. RESULTS: RAST to FB was inhibited >95% by FB extracts and 16-65% (mean 49%) by extracts from fresh fig. RAST to fig fruit was inhibited >95% by FB and fresh fig, 63-97% (mean 86%) by dried fig, and 0-84% (mean 35.5%) by kiwi fruit. FB and fig extracts lost most of their allergenicity when denatured by heat (95 degrees C) or reduced by dithiothreitol. Western blotting after non-reducing gel electrophoresis revealed IgE binding to proteins of 22 and 28-34 kDa in FB latex; however, no corresponding allergens could be detected in fig extracts. Positive skin tests were obtained most often with kiwi fruit, papaya, and avocado. Sensitization to rubber latex could not be demonstrated in any of the patients. RAST to papain was positive in three of five patients. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic reactions to fresh or dried figs can present as a consequence of primary sensitization to airborne FB allergens independent of sensitization to rubber latex allergens. Kiwi fruit, papaya, and avocado as well as pineapple and banana may be other fruits associated with sensitization to Ficus allergens.     

Experimental diabetes treated with ficus carica extract: effect on oxidative stress parameters

Parameters related to oxidative stress were studied in rats divided into 4 groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n=10), diabetic rats who received a single dose of a basic fraction of Ficus carica extract (n=14), diabetic rats who received a single dose of a chloroform fraction of the extract (n=10), and normal rats (n=10). Compared to normal animals, the diabetic animals presented significantly higher values for erythrocyte catalase normalized to haemoglobin levels (1.5±0.15 vs. 0.96±0.18 μg/mg) and for plasma vitamin E (73.4±43.9 vs. 12.0±1.6 mg/l), monounsaturated fatty acids (0.219±0.118 vs. 0.067±0.014 mg/ml), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 0.567±0.293 vs. 0.175±0.040 mg/ml), saturated fatty acids (0.779±0.262 vs. 0.401±0.055 mg/ml), and linoleic acid (0.202±0.086 vs. 0.106 ±0.014 mg/ml). Both Ficus carica fractions tended to normalize the values of the diabetic animals' fatty acids and plasma vitamin E values. On studying the ratios of vitamins E and A to PUFA (129.4±77.5 diabetic and 68.8±9.1 μg/mg normal; 37.5±20.8 vs. 108.0±43.6 μg/mg) and to C18:2 (259.9±65.8 vs. 161.0±21.3 μg/mg; 68.3±37.9 vs. 252.7±102.1 μg/mg), we found statistically significant differences as a function of diabetes, with the vitamin E/C18:2 ratio being normalized by the administration of the chloroform fraction (to 152.1±80.3 μg/mg) and the vitamin A/C18:2 ratio being raised relative to the untreated diabetic rats by the administration of the basic fraction (91.9±14.5 μg/mg). Our work confirms that antioxidant status is affected in the diabetes syndrome, and that Ficus carica extracts tend to normalize it. Received: September 2000 / Accepted in revised form: September 2002 Correspondence to M.D. Torres     

紫外分光法测定无花果中苯甲醛

建立了一种简便快速的测无花果中苯甲醛的方法。采用乙醇回流提取，水蒸汽蒸馏挥发分离，在紫外２３０ｎｍ和２４９ｎｍ处双波长测定。测得无花果中苯甲醛含量为５９．６μｇ／ｇ，５次测定变异系数为２．４８％，回收率在８５．６％～９２．５％之间。     

咳特灵片质量标准

目的改进咳特灵片的质量标准。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对马来酸氯苯那敏进行定性鉴别,改进小叶榕的薄层色谱鉴别方法;采用HPLC法对马来酸氯苯那敏进行含量测定,色谱柱为Phenomenex C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（含1%三乙胺和0.005 mol/L庚烷磺酸钠,用磷酸调节pH至3.0）-甲醇（40∶60）为流动相,检测波长264 nm,进样量10μL。结果薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;马来酸氯苯那敏质量浓度在10.89～108.90μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.79%,RSD为1.06%（n=6）。结论该方法准确、专属性强、重现性好,可用于该药的质量控制。     

Acute Toxicity of Opuntia Ficus Indica and Pistacia Lentiscus Seed Oils in Mice

Opuntia ficus indica and Pistacia lentiscus L. seeds are used in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of the fixed oil of Opuntia ficus indica and Pistacia lentiscus L. seeds in mice through determination of LD₅₀ values, and also the physicochemical characteristics of the fixed oil of these oils. The acute toxicity of their fixed oil were also investigated in mice using the method of Kabba and Berhens. The fixed oil of Pistacia lentiscus and Opuntia ficus indica seeds were extracted and analyzed for its chemical and physical properties such as acid value, free fatty acid percentage (% FFA), iodine index, and saponification value as well as refractive index and density. LD₅₀ values obtained by single doses, orally and intraperitoneally administered in mice, were respectively 43 ± 0,8 ;[40.7– 45.4 ] ml/kg body wt. p.o. and 2.72 ± 0,1 ;[2.52–2.92] ml/kg body wt. i.p. for Opuntia ficus indica ; and 37 ± 1 ;[34.4 − 39.8 ] ml/kg body wt. p.o. and 2.52 ± 0,2 ;[2.22 − 2.81 ] ml/kg body wt. i.p. for Pistacia lentiscus respectively. The yields of seed oil were respectively calculated as 20.25% and 10.41%. The acid and free fatty acid values indicated that the oil has a low acidity