老年心力衰竭患者外周血红细胞膜脂流动性的变化及与心功能的相关性

目的观察红细胞膜脂流动性（LFU）在老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）中的变化及其意义。方法选择CHF患者40例,正常对照者30例,用荧光分光光度计偏振技术测定外周血红细胞LFU。结果CHF组红细胞LFU明显低于正常对照组（P<0.01）;心功能越差,LFU越低（P<0.05和P<0.01）。结论红细胞LFU在一定程度上反映了CHF程度。     

照射后大鼠外周血红细胞扫描电镜观察

本文用扫描电镜观察了6.25Gy全身照射后大鼠外周血红细胞表面形态的变化。于照前和照后l、3、7、14和30天取材,在2000倍率下各观察200个细胞,并算出正常和异形细胞的百分数。正常红细胞的形态是光滑的、双面凹的圆盘形,其直径3.3～5.2μ,照射前正常红细胞占总数98.15%(96.0～99.0%),异形红细胞很少。其中包括单嵴样红细胞,隆突形红细胞、球口形红细胞以及棘状红细胞等。照后1和3天,异形红细胞数明显增多,正常形态红细胞的百分数从照前的88.15分别降到96.55和93.45(P<0.05和P<0.001)。照后7天,正常形态红细胞的百分数又接近照前水平。     

99TCm-RBC显像在下消化道出血诊断中的应用

目的　研究 99TCm-RBC显像诊断下消化道出血的临床价值。方法　对 2 5例下消化道出血患者行 99TCm-RBC显像 ,并与手术及病理检查结果作比较。结果　99TCm-RBC显像诊断下消化道出血阳性率为 80 .0 %,定位诊断率为 68.0 %,特异性为 85 .0 %。结论99TCm-RBC显像可作为下消化道出血诊断及定位的一种有效方法。     

放免法检测乙型慢性活动性肝炎病人红细胞C3b受体的研究

用放免法检测乙型慢性活动性肝炎病人的红细胞ｃ３ｂ受体（ＫＢＣＣＲ１）．结果：病人ＲＢＣＣＲ１明显低于献血员（Ｐ＜０．０５）；抗－ＨＢｓ特异性免疫复合物阳性病人ＲＢＣＣＲ１明显低于阴性病人（Ｐ＜０．０１），与红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环试验检测结果一致。表明乙型慢性活动性肝炎病人ＲＢＣＣＲ１数量减少，活性下降。其原因可能是特异性循环免疫复合物占据了ＲＢＣＣＲ１空位，使ＣＲ１活性下降。     

糖尿病大鼠红细胞膜Band3蛋白的变化

目的：研究糖尿病时红细胞膜蛋白的变化。方法：注射ＳＴＸ诱发大鼠糖尿病，通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ对糖尿病３个月大鼠红细胞膜蛋白进行电泳分析。结果：糖尿病大鼠红细胞膜Ｂａｎｄ３蛋白含量明显低于正常对照大鼠。结论：由于Ｂａｎｄ３蛋白是红细胞膜蛋白的主要成分，参与红细胞变形、物质通透等多方面的功能活动，其变化可能会直接影响红细胞的结构和功能，因此，糖尿病时Ｂａｎｄ３蛋白的变化值得进一步深入研究。     

Immunoblotting human C4 bound to human erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro.

A study of C4 bound to human erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo has been made by immunoblotting with mouse monoclonal anti-C4c and anti-C4d and human polyclonal anti-C4d (Rodgers and Chido) following SDS-PAGE. Multi-banded patterns differentiated between C4A and C4B isotypes. Treatment of EC4b with trypsin eliminated immunoblotting but not agglutination reactions. Serum inactivation (factor I) of EC4b resulted in banding patterns similar to those obtained from patients' EC4d. Treatment of EC4b membranes with NH2OH affected many of the bands, two were lost, one was markedly reduced and others had altered SDS-PAGE mobility. Interpretation of the bands has been made in terms of C4-acceptor complexes and inactivation fragments of C4. A distinct difference in the banding of C4A and C4B isotypes has been detected.     

Comparative study of pituitary and bacteria-derived human growth hormone by monoclonal antibodies

We have established hybridoma lines which secrete mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to human pituitary growth hormone, hGH. Using indirect competitive ELISA and indirect passive hemagglutination inhibition twelve different Mabs were characterized with regard to cross-reactivity with the hGH-related hormones, human chorionic somatomammotropin, hCS, and human prolactin, hPRL. The reactivity of these Mabs with pituitary hGH was compared to that with either bacterially-produced methionyl-hGH or to that of reduced and S-carboxymethylated hGH, which has an altered conformation. None of the Mabs reacted with hPRL. Four did not react with hCS whereas the others showed varying degree of cross-reactivity with hCS. All Mabs reacted more weakly with reduced and S-carboxymethylated hGH than with the native form of the hormone, which was not seen with conventional rabbit antisera to hGH. Thus in the case of hGH the Mabs are superior to conventional antisera in revealing small conformational differences. However the pituitary and bacterially-derived methionyl-hGH were indistinguishable as determined by the 12 Mabs.     

Specific and non-specific components in the triggering of proliferative and cytotoxic responses of T lymphocytes with different cell density

We hve analyzed the functional behavior of lymphocyte subsets separated on the basis of cell density. Low and high density subpopulations were cultured in FCS, alone or with allogeneic irradiated PBL, and then examined for proliferation and cytotoxic activity against autologous (responder) and allogeneic (stimulator) PHA-induced blasts, K562 and Daudi. In the high density subset proliferation and generation of anti-K562 and anti-Daudi effects were induced by FCS and to higher extent by allospecific stimulation. Exposure to alloantigens induced allospecific cytotoxicity. Autologous PHA blasts were not affected. The results with the low density subset differed. Independently of the type of stimulus imposed, the low density fraction showed little if any proliferation, but its cytotoxic activity was stronger against all targets tested. In some of the experiments, anti-alloblast cytotoxicity was generated in the control cultures. Thus, polyclonal activation induced by FCS triggered in this fraction allospecific cytotoxicity. In this subset, the effect against allogeneic PHA blasts comprised a specific and a non-specific component because autologous PHA blasts were also lysed. Limiting dilution analysis involving allostimulation showed higher frequency of cytotoxic precursors in the low density subset. Split minicultures were tested for lysis of auto- and allogeneic blasts. Alloreactive cultures that did not lyse the autologous target were more frequent in the cultures initiated with the high density cells. There was no conclusive evidence for the existence of autoreactive cultures that did not lyse the allogeneic blasts.     

Idiotypic characterization of antibody-induced antibody responses

Anti-idiotypic antisera were produced in syngeneic (C57BL/6) mice against a monoclonal anti-Dextran B512 (Dex) antibody (38-13). In radioimmunoassays, anti-idiotypic antibodies were shown to react with the homologous idiotype, while failing to recognize another monoclonal anti-Dex antibody, independently derived from C57BL/6 mice (D-16). Plaque inhibition tests confirmed the specificity of the anti-idiotypic antibodies and revealed that the 38-13 idiotype is expressed by about half of all anti-Dex antibodies produced in C57BL/6, but not in CBA mice. Injection of normal (but not athymic) C57BL/6 mice with low doses of 38-13 monoclonal antibodies, contained culture supernatants or ascitic fluids, resulted in a 10-20 fold increase in the numbers of anti-Dex PFC detected in the spleen 5 days later, the majority of which carried the 38-13 idiotype.     

Mouse monoclonal antibodies to the human C3b receptor

Mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against the human C3b receptor (CR1) molecule that had been purified from solubilized erythrocytes membranes. Four hybridomas were selected, cloned and expanded because their supernatants reacted strongly with insolubilized CR1 by ELISA and intensely stained B-dependent areas of the spleen and glomerular podocytes by indirect immunofluorescence. The four monoclonal antibodies, named J3D3, J8B10, J3B11 and J7C2, were IgG1 immunoglobulins. J3D3 immunoprecipitated two protein bands of apparent mol. wts 200,000 and 220,000 from 125I-surface-labeled human erythrocytes, which correspond to the two major allotypic forms of CR1. By indirect immunofluorescence, monoclonal antibodies stained polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), most peripheral blood B-cells and a small subset of peripheral blood T-cells. J3D3 bound to CR1 on erythrocytes, PMN and lymphocytes with an affinity of 1-3 X 10(9) M-1 and recognized 170-1330 antigenic CR1 sites with an average of 740 sites/erythrocyte in 100 healthy individuals, approx. 50,000 sites/PMN and 15,000 sites/lymphocyte. There was a bimodal distribution of CR1 numbers on erythrocyte in the normal population. The four monoclonal antibodies similarly inhibited CR1-mediated decay of preformed cell-bound alternative- and classical-pathway C3 convertase sites. Two antibodies, J3D3 and J3B11, inhibited C3b-dependent rosette formation with lymphocytes, although much less efficiently than F(ab')2 polyclonal anti-CR1 antibody. Differences that were observed in the relative capacity of the antibodies to inhibit some of the functions of CR1 and in their ability to compete for binding of 125I-J3D3 to CR1 on erythrocytes, suggested that they are directed against different epitopes on CR1. Monoclonal antibodies provide useful means to assess and analyze the biological and immunoregulatory functions of the C3b receptor.