水分去除的方法及其在药物合成中的应用

化学药合成过程中水分残留不利于反应的进行,还影响药物及制剂的稳定性、理化性质、溶出及药理作用等,因此水分几乎是大多数药物合成中的必测项目,通过有效除水严格控制反应体系中水分的含量至关重要。本文综述了水分的存在形式,常见除水剂和脱水剂的种类、作用原理与除水能力,以及在药物合成的应用,为药物合成反应中水分的去除提供参考。     

油脱水型水力旋流器压力特性和分离性能

建立了旋流脱水装置系统,对旋流芯管的压力特性和分离性能进行了试验研究。在进口流量为2.9 m3/h、压降为0.21 M Pa条件下,该装置可将原油含水量(φ)从0.05~0.08降低到平均0.004 5以下,平均脱水率达90%。用磁感应强度为160 mT的磁水处理器对分散相进行破乳,强化旋流脱水过程,效果不明显。     

On-line moisture determination of ore concentrates 'a review of traditional methods and introduction of a novel solution'

The manual gravimetric drying moisture determination methods currently employed by most mineral processing plants fail to provide timely and accurate information required for automatic control. The costs associated with transporting and handling concentrates still represent a major portion of the overall treatment price. When considering the cash flow of a mining operation that is governed by both the smelter contract, with moisture penalties and the quantity and quality of the concentrates shipped, an efficient method of on-line moisture content would be a welcome tool. A novel on-line determination system for ore concentrate moisture content would replace the tedious manual procedure. Since the introduction of microelectronic-based control systems, operators have strived to reduce the treatment costs to the minimum. Therefore, a representative and timely determination of on-line moisture content becomes vital for control set points and timely feedback. Reliable sensors have long been on the 'wish list' of mineral processors since the problem has always been that you can only control what you can measure. Today, the task of moisture determination is still done by the classical technique of loss in weight utilizing uncontrolled procedures. These same methods were introduced in the earliest base metal concentrators. Generally, it is acceptable to have ore concentrate moisture content vary within a range of 7-9%, but controlling the moisture content below 8% is a difficult task with a manually controlled system. Many times, delays in manually achieving reliable feedback of the moisture content results in the moisture varying from 5-12% before corrective actions can be made. This paper first reviews the traditional and widely available methods for determining moisture content in granular materials by applying physical principles and properties to measure moisture content. All methods are in some form affected when employed on mineral ore concentrates. This paper introduces and describes a novel on-line moisture sensor employed for mineral processing de-watering applications, which not only automates the tedious tasks but also results in reliable moisture feedback that can be used in the optimization of the de-watering process equipment such as pressure or vacuum filters and fuel-fired driers. Finally, two measurement applications will be presented which indicate the usefulness and summarizes the measurement requirements for the proposed method of employing drag force and mechanical properties of the material itself to determine the moisture content.     

污泥深度脱水处理与处置工艺的COD及碳减排分析

采用污泥深度脱水技术,可使泥饼含水率降到40%～55%,有利于污泥后续处置的同时实现全过程的COD减排及碳减排。经核算,10万m3/d污水处理厂产生的污泥经深度脱水-焚烧、深度脱水-填埋工艺进行合理有效的处理处置,COD日排放均可减少5.52 t,CO2日排放可分别减少26.06 t和5.61 t。     

城市污水厂生化污泥调理脱水研究

通过对调理后生化污泥含水率的测定试验,考察了生石灰、三氯化铁、粉煤灰和煤粉等4种调理剂对污水处理厂生化污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明:生石灰和三氯化铁对污水的脱水效果较好,且最经济投加量分别为4、2g/100mL,在该条件下,相对于原污泥,抽滤后调理污泥含水率分别降低7.07%和15.22%。     

三河市生活垃圾卫生填埋场深基坑止水处理及降水设计方案分析

介绍了河北省三河市生活垃圾卫生填埋场工程及其地下含水层分布情况,通过对压力注浆、水泥深层搅拌桩不同止水帷幕方案及坑底水下回填方案进行技术和经济比较,确定该工程采用适用、经济、安全的压力注浆方案,阐述了基坑降水及库底地基处理方案。     

Prospects of effective microorganisms technology in wastes treatment in Egypt

Sludge dewatering and treatment may cost as much as the wastewater treatment. Usually large proportion of the pollutants in wastewater is organic. They are attacked by saprophytic microorganisms, i.e. organisms that feed upon dead organic matter. Activity of organisms causes decomposition of organic matter and destroys them, where the bacteria convert the organic matter or other constituents in the wastewater to new cells, water, gases and other products. Demolition activities, including renovation/remodeling works and complete or selective removal/demolishing of existing structures either by man-made processes or by natural disasters, create an extensive amount of wastes. These demolition wastes are characterized as heterogeneous mixtures of building materials that are usually contaminated with chemicals and dirt. In developing countries, it is estimated that demolition wastes comprise 20% to 30% of the total annual solid wastes. In Egypt, the daily quantity of construction and demolition (C&D) waste has been estimated as 10 000 tones. That is equivalent to one third of the total daily municipal solid wastes generated per day in Egypt. The zabbaliin have since expanded their activities and now take the waste they collect back to their garbage villages where it is sorted into recyclable components: paper, plastics, rags, glass, metal and food. The food waste is fed to pigs and the other items are sold to recycling centers. This paper summarizes the wastewater and solid wastes management in Egypt now and future.     

污泥深度脱水工艺在池州市清溪污水处理厂中的应用

通过对污泥处理现行政策的分析,确定了适合于当前池州清溪污水处理厂污泥过渡性处理方案的深度脱水工艺,对池州清溪污水处理厂污泥深度脱水方案工艺流程进行阐述,确定了主要设备参数,并作了经济分析。