红细胞同工酶ADA－EAP一AK_1同步电泳分型方法的建立

综合、改良了分别分型的方法，建立了红细胞同工酶ＡＤＡ一ＥＡＰ一ＡＫ１同步电泳分型方法，为ＡＤＡ，ＥＡＰ和ＡＫ１３种红细胞同工酶在法医学鉴定中更广泛的应用，提供了一种可靠、经济、实用的方法。     

Characterization of adenosine deaminase (ADA)-negative B-lymphoblastoid cells cocultured with ADA-positive fibroblasts

Abstract: A cell line, BAD05, derived from B lymphocytes of an adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3,5,4,4)-deficient patient could not proliferate in a serum-free medium containing 100 μmol/l deoxyadenosine. When BAD05 was cultured with ADA-positive fibroblasts, the proliferation of BAD05 was improved. BAD05 cell density increased when the initially mixed ratio of fibroblasts/BAD05 was 1/10 or higher, but decreased when the ratio was 1/20 or lower. Deoxyadenosine concentrations in the medium and ATP and deoxyATP (dATP) levels in the BAD05 were measured after 4 hours of coculture at initial BAD05 cell densities of 1 × 10⁵and 1 × 10⁶cells/ml. Deoxyadenosine concentrations in the medium decreased as the density of fibroblasts increased. The dATP level decreased as the mixed ratio rose. The ratio of fibroblasts/BAD05 rather than the cell density of fibroblasts had a larger effect on the dATP levels in BAD05. Under our experimental conditions, ADA-negative cells proliferated well when the ratio of ADA-positive cells/ADA-negative cells was over 1/10.     

The effect of high-intensity training on purine metabolism in man

The effect of intermittent high-intensity training on the activity of enzymes involved in purine metabolism and on the concentration of plasma purines following acute short-term intense exercise was investigated. Eleven subjects performed sprint training three times per week for 6 weeks. Muscle biopsies for determination of enzyme activities were obtained prior to and 24 h after the training period. After training, the activity of adenosine 5′-phosphate (AMP) deaminase was lower (P < 0.001) whereas the activities of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and phosphofructokinase were significantly higher compared with pre-training levels. The higher activity of HPRT with training suggests an improved potential for rephosphorylation of intracellular hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the trained muscle. Before and after the training period the subjects performed four independent 2-min tests at intensities from a mean of 106 to 135 % of Vo_max. Venous blood was drawn prior to and after each test. The accumulation of plasma hypoxanthine following the four tests was lower following training compared with prior to training (P < 0.05). The accumulation of uric acid was significantly lower (46% of pre-training value) after the test performed at 135% of Fo_2mM (P < 0.05). Based on the observed alterations in muscle enzyme activities and plasma purine accumulation, it is suggested that high intensity intermittent training leads to a lower release of purines from muscle to plasma following intense exercise and, thus, a reduced loss of muscle nucleotides.     

Three Kinds of Foamy Cells in the Spleen: Comparative Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies

By light and electron microscopy, we observed foamy cells in the spleens from a patient with hemolytic anemia due to red cell adenosine deaminase (ADA) overproduction, a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with gold, and patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

The foamy cells associated with red cell ADA overproduction were essentially similar to Gaucher-like cells described in patients with thalassemia, and it was suggested that the accelerated destruction of red cells was one of the factors responsible for the development of foamy cells. Foamy cells in ITP and RA were closely associated with an increased destruction of platelets in the spleen. Morphologic transitions between phagocytosed platelets and myelinlike materials were traced in these disorders. In RA, however, foamy cells were heterogeneous from an ultrastructural standpoint, with different cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to myelinlike materials, dense bodies, vacuoles with flocculent materials, and gold were noted in most of foamy cells. As gold compounds are known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes, we surmise that an acquired disturbance in lysosomal digestion is partially responsible for the accumulation of intermediate metabolites.

In the pathogenesis of foamy cells associated with blood cell dyscrasia, the accelerated destruction of blood cells and/or acquired disorders in catabolic pathways within the macrophages are suggested to be the underlying mechanism of an intralysosomal accumulation of incompletely degraded cellular debris.     

Adenosine Deaminase and Human Reproduction: A Comparative Study of Fertile Women and Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

PROBLEM: We have investigated the possible role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) genetic polymorphism in human fertility through a comparative study of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and healthy puerperae. METHOD OF STUDY: Adenosine deaminase phenotype has been determined in 209 women with repeated episodes of unexplained spontaneous abortion (RSA) and their husbands, as well as in 115 healthy pregnant women from the population of Rome. An independent sample of 286 puerperae along with their newborn infants in the population of Penne was also studied. RESULTS: The proportion of carriers of ADA*2 allele, which is associated with the lowest enzymatic activity, is lower among women with RSA than among healthy pregnant women from the same population of Rome. Preliminary observations suggest a protective effect of ADA*2 against the development of autoantibodies in RSA. Such an effect seems to be mediated by an interaction with ABO blood groups. In the population of Penne the proportion of women carrying ADA*2 allele is higher among those who have had two or more previously born children than among women with only one or no children. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that women carrying the ADA*2 allele are better protected against the spontaneous loss of embryos and have a higher fertility rate.     

腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂对氧反常大鼠心脏的保护作用

本文观察到腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂EHNA对离体灌流大鼠心脏氧反常性损伤有明显的作用,此外还发现在缺氧期(无氧灌流30分钟)EHNA也表现出明显的保护作用,心脏收缩幅度的降低和静息张力的升高均显著低于对照组。表明在缺氧期也可能有自由基的产生。     

Urinary excretion of adenosine deaminase binding protein in neonates treated with tobramycin

The potential tubulotoxicity of tobramycin and cefotaxim were assessed in neonates by measuring the urinary level of adenosine deaminase binding protein (ABP) and urinary ₁-microglobulin and ₂-microglobulin. In a prospective study, 33 neonates who received tobramycin and cefotaxim for suspected neonatal sepsis were compared with 48 untreated newborns during the first 10 days of life. The urinary concentrations of ABP and its excretion rates, corrected for body weight and body surface area, were significantly increased from the 1st day of treatment. Urinary ₁-microglobulin and ₂-microglobulin were not elevated under tobramycin and cefotaxim during the first 2 days of treatment. We conclude that ABP may be a sensitive marker for the detection of proximal renal tubular injury during tobramycin and cefotaxim treatments of neonates. The increase in urinary ABP which occurs before an elevation of urinary ₁-microglobulin and ₂-microglobulin may reflect earlier structural than functional alterations. However, since none of the treated infants had signs of electrolyte disorders or glomerular dysfunction, the clinical relevance of ABP measurement should be reevaluated.     

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase activity. Decrease in depression

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), two T cell associated enzymes, are known to have a possible interaction and play essential roles in immune system functioning. On the other hand, depression has been shown to be accompanied with some immune-inflammatory alterations. In this regard, in order to make a contribution to the understanding of the ongoing immune disturbances in depression, serum DPPIV and ADA activities were determined in minor and major depressives and compared with healthy controls. Both enzyme activities were found to be decreased in major depressives compared to controls while only DPPIV activity was significantly lower in major depressives than the minor depressives. There were significant inverse relationships between enzyme activities and the severity of depression. Moreover, a positive intracorrelation was found between decreased DPPIV and ADA levels. The correlated decrease in DPPIV and ADA, might be a further support for their possible association. Results also suggest that decreased enzyme activities might reflect the impaired immune state in depression while major depressed patients might have a greater tendency to immune dysfunction than the minor depressed ones.     

反复自然流产绒毛生化学改变的研究

木研究对３４例反复自然流产（ＲＳＡ）、１０例１次流产及３８例正常妊娠人流绒毛组织，应用生物化学及免疫组化方法，检测绒毛组织中谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）活性、腺苷脱氨酶（ＡＤＡ）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量及γ谷氨酸转肽酶（γ－ＧＴ）免疫组化定位进行对比性研究。结果表明，ＲＳＡ绒毛组织较正常绒毛组织中ＧＳＴ活性和ＡＤＡ活性均有明显改变（Ｐ＜０．０１）。γ－ＧＴ免疫组化定位、阳性颗粒的分布及强度也有明显的差别。自然流产３次以上较２次和１次流产的ＧＳＨ含量和ＧＳＴ活性明显降低，经统计学分析均有非常显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。该结果提示绒毛组织本身某些生化功能的改变，可能是原因不明的ＲＳＡ的原因之一。