Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石治疗特殊人群膀胱结石

目的 探讨应用Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石系统治疗特殊人群膀胱结石的价值.方法 2008年7月～ 2011年10月我院收治因各种原因需长期留置膀胱造瘘管致膀胱结石形成患者89例,其中神经源性膀胱49例,前列腺增生不能耐受手术行膀胱造瘘者14例,肿瘤局部浸润行尿流改道者1 1例,反复尿道狭窄手术失败保留造瘘者15例.均通过膀胱造瘘口肾镜应用Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石. 结果 所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间平均40(30～70)min.无膀胱穿孔、大出血、结石残留、输尿管开口损伤等.所有患者均获随访,平均6(1 ～24)个月.13例患者术后7个月再发膀胱结石,再次行上述处理,结石清除干净. 结论 对于各种原因需长期留置膀胱造瘘管的患者所形成的膀胱结石,通过造瘘口Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石,效果良好,创伤轻微,具有很好的推广价值.     

环扎血管前列腺切除术

用30具尸体标表进行前列腺动脉解剖学研究,结果平均每例动脉7.1支,动脉支注入腺体的位置底部占76.06％,尖部16.90％,体部7.04％。注入底部的动脉呈环形分布。据此设计了膀胱内环扎血管前列腺切除术,经临床应用168例,出血量明显减少。经随访6～54月,效果满意。     

经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘在经尿道前列腺等离子电切术治疗大体积前列腺增生中的前瞻性对照研究

目的探讨经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘在经尿道前列腺等离子电切术（plasma kinetic resection of prostate，PKRP）治疗大体积前列腺增生中的价值。方法2009年1月～2011年12月，将72例进行PKRP的大体积前列腺增生患者随机分为膀胱造瘘组和对照组，分别采用经皮膀胱造瘘＋PKRP或单纯PKRP。记录术前前列腺体积、手术时间、切除的前列腺质量，检测术前、术后即刻和术后1天的血清钠、钾和氯。结果与对照组相比，膀胱造瘘组切除的前列腺组织质量大[（88．66±23．48）gVS．（78．39±16．04）g，t=2．168，P=0．034]，手术时间短[（74．03±30．54）minVS．（92．36±34．36）min，t=-2．393，P=0．019]。2组术后血清钠、钾和氯均正常。结论经皮膀胱穿刺造瘘可以缩短PKRP的手术时间，对血清钠、钾和氯无明显影响。     

带内导芯气囊导尿管耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘与套管针穿刺造瘘方法的比较

目的评估带内导芯气囊导尿管耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘方法的优缺点。方法1120例膀胱造瘘患者采用完全随机方法分为实验组588例和对照组532例，对照组采用套管针耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘方法，实验组采用带内导芯气囊导尿管耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘法。对2组穿刺时间、术后血尿持续时间和漏尿例数作为衡量指标进行对比。结果实验组所需穿刺时间明显少于对照组，采用两样本均数t检验，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；术后血尿持续时间短于对照组，2组间采用t检验，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；漏尿发生率低于对照组，漏尿例数做构成比，检验，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论带内导芯气囊导尿管耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘方法优于套管针耻骨上膀胱穿刺造痿，不仅可减轻患者痛苦，而且安全方便。     

Long-term followup and outcome of continent catheterizable vesicocstomy using the Rink modification

PURPOSE: Multiple techniques have been described to create a Mitrofanoff channel in the pediatric population. A small subset of patients only requires creation of a catheterizable channel without bladder augmentation. These patients are ideal candidates for a procedure that avoids the use of intestine, especially in the absence of a suitable appendix. We used a modification of the Casale vesicostomy, as described by Rink, to create a continent vesicostomy in these children. We report our long-term experience with this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent continent vesicostomy at our institution between 1992 and 2000. Patient diagnosis, stomal site, associated bladder procedures, stomal continence, followup and complications associated with continent vesicostomy were documented. RESULTS: Of the 31 patients who underwent continent vesicostomy, as described by Rink, 14 were female and 17 were male. Average age was 9 years (range 2.5 to 22). Primary diagnosis included neuropathic bladder in 15 cases, the prune-belly syndrome in 6, cloacal exstrophy/anomaly in 5 and other in 5. The stoma was placed in the lower abdomen in 17 patients, in the umbilicus in 7 and in a neoumbilicus in 7. Simultaneous procedures included ureteral reimplantation in 8 cases, bladder augmentation in 5, bladder neck surgery in 4 and reduction cystoplasty in 2. Mean followup was 41 months. All patients achieved excellent stomal continence. Complications included stomal stenosis requiring revision in 14 cases (45%). Stenosis developed in 60% of the patients with neuropathic bladder and in 86% with an umbilical stoma. Eventually 6 patients underwent conversion to an alternative catheterizable channel. CONCLUSIONS: Continent vesicostomy can be performed successfully when there is any underlying bladder pathology with 100% stomal continence. Despite the higher rate of stomal problems with this type of Mitrofanoff channel we think that continent vesicostomy is a reasonable alternative in patients with a large bladder requiring only catheterizable channel creation. Because of the excellent results reported with the Monti-Yang technique, we would currently recommend this procedure over continent vesicostomy when bowel is used for bladder reconstruction.     

成人先天性巨输尿管症的诊断和治疗11例

目的 研究成人先天性巨输尿管症的临床诊断和治疗。方法 本组11例成人先天性巨输尿管症中左侧7例，右侧3例，双侧1例。其中行输尿管膀胱吻合术8例，先行肾造瘘，择期行输尿管膀胱吻合术1例，因肾重度积水，功能严重受损而行肾输尿管切除术2例。结果 9例行输尿管膀胱吻合术，手术远期疗效均满意。结论 B超和静脉肾盂造影是诊断本病的主要手段，同位素肾图检查则有助于了解双肾功能并正确地选择手术方式。先天性巨输尿管症的外科治疗目的是：解除功能性梗阻，保留患肾功能；控制反复的尿路感染。输尿管裁剪加抗逆流输尿管膀胱吻合术是目前有效的手术方法，     

直视下经耻骨上膀胱造瘘通道膀胱结石取出术(附20例报告)

目的 探讨直视下经耻骨上膀胱造瘘通道膀胱结石取出的方法，使之成为TURP（Transurethral resection of the Prostate)辅助治疗手段。方法 经尿道置入电切镜，用三件套膀胱穿刺造痿器行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘，自造痿通道放入卵圆钳，窥镜直视下直接取出膀胱结石，留置膀胱造瘘冲洗管，同时行TURP。结果 所有病例均一次取石成功，取石时间3～5min，无结石残留，无手术并发症。结论 本法操作简便，损伤小，安全可靠，容易掌握。