大学生应对方式研究

介绍了大学生应对方式研究现状．重点阐述了大学生常用的应对方式、影响因素及应对方式对大学生心理健康的影响。     

宫颈癌筛查采用Cervista与HC2法比较的研究进展

宫颈癌在女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤中发病率最高,且近年来其发病率和死亡率有明显增长趋势,尤其是在中青年女性中.全世界浸润性宫颈癌的HPV检出率99.3％,而部分HPV感染可以随着免疫力的增强逐渐被机体所清除;且早期病变演变为宫颈癌其潜伏期长达10年左右;再者,局部治疗即可阻止其进一步发生恶变,所以,通过筛查不但可早期发现宫颈的癌前病变,而且可早治疗、提高疗效、挽救生命.最新的Cervista酶切免疫放大技术特异性更高、假阳性更少,检测效率高、不确定率更低,本文通过与HC2对比,对该方法予以综述.     

32例腔镜下乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术临床分析

目的 探讨腔镜下乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫手术方法、可行性及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析32例乳腺癌腔镜下腋窝淋巴结清扫手术(腔镜组)的临床资料,并与46例同期临床分期类似而行传统腋窝淋巴结清扫(传统组)资料比较.结果 两组均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期乳腺癌.腔镜组无中转开放手术,未发生大出血、皮下气肿、脂肪栓塞等并发症.腔镜组淋巴结数目(15.5枚)、平均手术时间(80min)与传统组比较差异均无统计学意义.但缩短了引流时间(3～5d)、减少了出血量(380ml)和术后并发症发生率(仅1例).结论 在选择性乳腺癌患者行腔镜下腋窝淋巴结清扫术能够达到传统腋窝淋巴清扫治疗效果,可在保证腋窝淋巴结清扫质量的同时降低手术并发症发生率,达到了生理、心理的微创化,提高了患者的生活质量.腔镜下腋窝淋巴结清扫术是可行的.     

Drinking motives as mediators between PTSD symptom severity and alcohol consumption in persons with severe mental illnesses

Research has consistently shown that drinking to alleviate negative emotional states predicts alcohol use and relapse among clients with co-occurring disorders including depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders. However, studies examining the mediating role of drinking motives in persons with severe mental illness (SMI) are few. The current survey of 116 community mental health clients (51.7% men; 47.4% women) diagnosed with either a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (41, 35.3%) or major mood disorder (75, 64.7%) tested the hypothesis that convivial drinking and drinking to cope with negative emotions would mediate posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS-I) and alcohol consumption (QF). A series of path models revealed that convivial drinking fully mediated hyper-arousal symptoms and alcohol consumption, and negative coping fully mediated total posttraumatic stress symptoms, avoidance and hyper-arousal symptoms and alcohol consumption. The results support an emotional distress reduction model of alcohol use in people with severe mental illness, and highlight the need to assess specific drinking motives and target them in cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches. The cross sectional design employed limits cause-effect inferences regarding mediation, and highlights the need for longitudinal designs to sort out causal pathways among symptoms, drinking motives and alcohol consumption in clients with SMI.     

Solitary and social heavy drinking,suicidal ideation,and drinking motives in underage college drinkers

In college students, solitary heavy drinking (i.e., while alone) is associated with depression and with higher rates of drinking problems than heavy drinking in social contexts. This study explored the relationship among heavy episodic drinking context, suicidal ideation, and drinking motives among underage college drinkers (n = 91) with a history of passive suicidal ideation. Participants completed measures of depression, suicidal ideation, alcohol consumption and problems, and drinking motives. Multiple regression analyses revealed that suicidal ideation, but not depression, was significantly related to solitary heavy drinking. Neither was related to social heavy drinking. Enhancement motives for drinking, but not other drinking motives (i.e., social, conformity, drinking to cope), were significantly associated with social heavy drinking. In contrast, only drinking to cope was associated with solitary heavy drinking. These findings suggest that greater suicidal ideation is associated with greater frequency of becoming intoxicated while alone, and that this drinking is motivated by attempts to cope. Solitary heavy drinking is a potentially dangerous coping strategy for an individual experiencing suicidal ideation.     

The question of disclosing the diagnosis to terminally ill patients

Summary The question of disclosing the diagnosis to terminally ill patients was investigated by means of a semi-standardized interview of 56 subjects who had been told the truth about their condition. The effects and interdependence of the factors of age, personality structure (EPI neuroticism scale), duration of knowledge, social contact, and religiousness, on the patient's ability to cope with the information were examined.The process of adjustment was assessed according to the stages proposed by Kübler-Ross (1969). Using the statistical model of path analysis, it was possible to evaluate these individual factors and present linearly their interrelationships. These results can offer medical staff the following guidelines: Three factors (a) advanced years, (b) good social contact, and (c) optimally unneurotic personality structure, provide the optimum conditions for a positive adjustment to the disclosure of a diagnosis of fatal illness.If, however, only one or two of these factors are involved, or if they are evident only to a slight degree, then conditions for telling the truth are less positive.On the other hand, in the case of (a) youth, (b) restricted social contact, and (c) a more markedly neurotic person, particular caution is recommended, since the danger of a negative reaction, and indeed even of suicide, must be reckoned with.     

Development of a coping model for work‐related fear among staff working in emergency department in Finland – study for nursing and medical staff

The emergency department is a workplace where the staff regularly encounter new challenges and factors that can cause fear. The aim of this study was to describe coping with work‐related fear among emergency department staff. The study explains the current coping methods of emergency department staff and the requirement for support as well as the availability of support. A coping model for work‐related fear was also developed and will be presented. The study was conducted using a survey developed specifically for this study, which included the Brief COPE Inventory. The study was conducted in 16 hospitals (N = 544) among the doctors, nurses, practical nurses, and orderlies of the emergency departments. The results were analysed using statistical methods such as frequencies, cross‐tabulation, principal component analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. All values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results showed that nearly all of the emergency department personnel had experienced work‐related fear. Most of the respondents to the survey would have wanted more support, professional help, preventive action and more resources for the emergency department. The emergency department staff had used several coping methods to cope with fear. The most commonly used coping methods were problem‐focused coping and social support. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to increase the availability of coping methods and further develop the existing coping methods.     

情绪智力影响工作倦怠过程中应对方式的中介作用

目的：探讨湖南省行政管理干部工作倦怠的特点及其影响因子。方法：采用工作倦怠通用量表、情绪智力量表及应对方式量表对湖南省354名行政管理干部进行测评。结果：该群体有57.3％的人存在工作倦怠状况,且主要表现为无效能感。该群体的工作倦怠与情绪智力和应对方式呈显著负相关,应对方式和情绪智力能显著预测工作倦怠水平。结论：湖南省行政管理干部存在工作倦怠,主要表现为无效能感;此外,在情绪智力影响工作倦怠的过程中,应对方式起到中介作用。     

腹腔镜下胆囊切除术105例临床分析

目的：观察腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的疗效。方法：总结2004—2005年患慢性结石性胆囊炎、胆囊息肉、慢性胆囊炎105例，均行腹腔镜下胆囊切涂术。结果：治愈104例（99．05％），中转开腹1例（0．95％）。结论：腹腔镜下胆囊切除术是当今腹部外科治疗胆囊疾病的首选方式。但由于手术风险性较高，因而应严格掌握手术适应症，避免术中并发症发生，果断转开腹手术。