Lesbianism in China

Lesbianism in China has a long but usually hidden history. This paper examines the historical and literary sources of the past to illustrate the history of lesbianism and then turns to a survey of lesbianism in the China of today. As in the past, lesbianism remains more or less hidden, and comes to light only occasionally. Data for contemporary China comes from a visit to an institution for delinquent young women, recent police records, and contemporary fiction. It has only been in the past 4 or 5 years that it was possible to talk about lesbianism and most lesbians are fearful of becoming identified.     

浅谈中国传统文化与当代心理治疗

当代中国的心理治疗有待“本土化”。传统文化中的中华民族心理特征具有务实 ,重视人与自然、社会和谐关系的特点 ,不彰显个性而有所节制。心理治疗在当代应吸取传统文化里的人生哲学、超越而丰富的精神世界及中医养生术所蕴含的有益元素     

From the Cover: Gut bacteria facilitate adaptation to crop rotation in the western corn rootworm

Insects are constantly adapting to human-driven landscape changes; however, the roles of their gut microbiota in these processes remain largely unknown. The western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major corn pest that has been controlled via annual rotation between corn (Zea mays) and nonhost soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. This practice selected for a “rotation-resistant” variant (RR-WCR) with reduced ovipositional fidelity to cornfields. When in soybean fields, RR-WCRs also exhibit an elevated tolerance of antiherbivory defenses (i.e., cysteine protease inhibitors) expressed in soybean foliage. Here we show that gut bacterial microbiota is an important factor facilitating this corn specialist’s (WCR''s) physiological adaptation to brief soybean herbivory. Comparisons of gut microbiota between RR- and wild-type WCR (WT-WCR) revealed concomitant shifts in bacterial community structure with host adaptation to soybean diets. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacteria significantly reduced RR-WCR tolerance of soybean herbivory to the level of WT-WCR, whereas WT-WCR were unaffected. Our findings demonstrate that gut bacteria help to facilitate rapid adaptation of insects in managed ecosystems.     

Stopped hearts,amputated toes and NASA: contemporary legends among healthy volunteers in US phase I clinical trials

The first stage of testing new pharmaceuticals in humans is referred to as a phase I clinical trial. The purpose of these studies is to test the safety of the drugs and to establish appropriate doses that can later be given to patients. Most of these studies are conducted under controlled, in‐patient conditions using healthy volunteers who are paid for their participation. To explore healthy volunteers’ experiences in clinical trials, an ethnographic study was conducted at six in‐patient phase I clinics in the USA. In addition to the observation of clinic activities (from informed consent procedures to dosing to blood draws), 268 semi‐structured interviews were conducted, 33 with clinic staff and 235 with healthy volunteers. Drawing on this dataset, this article explores healthy volunteers’ exchange of contemporary legends about phase I clinical trials. In addition to potentially scaring the listener and communicating distrust in the medical community, these incredible stories help participants cope with perceived stigma and establish a gradient of risk of trial participation, creating potential boundaries to their participation in medical research. The article argues that contemporary legends play a productive role in society, shaping how people view themselves and others and influencing their decisions about risky activities.     

Reply to Commentaries by Neil Altman and Thomas Menaker

Both commentaries address, from different perspectives, the controversies inherent in the idea of a transpersonal field. In response to Menaker, I examine the ways in which this territory cannot be adequately conceptualized from within the framework of existing theory and therefore is experienced as disruptive and destabilizing. I also focus on the gradual movement within contemporary psychoanalytic approaches toward realites that invite such a paradiamatic shift. In response to Altman, I agree that the intersubjective is not superseded by the transpersonal and emphasize that use of a transpersonal perspective to avoid intersubjective disruption is a form of perversion. I underscore Altman's use of contemporary scientific discoveries to substantiate the idea of a transcendent field yet emphasize that a transpersonal orientation also involves a willingness to encounter and tolerate the inexplicable.     

CAD/CAE of Jaipur foot for standardized and contemporary manufacturing

Abstract

Objective: Despite immense popularity of Jaipur foot as low cost prosthetic, not much work has been reported on its design for manufacturing standardization. Without manufacturing standardization, it cannot be mass produced using contemporary manufacturing technologies. The objective of this work is to carry out its computer aided design (CAD) followed by computer aided engineering (CAE) based on the material properties obtained from the previous work [1 Rachel HT, Kristine MF, Benjamin BW, et al. Assessment of the compressive and tensile mechanical properties of materials used in the Jaipur foot prosthesis. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2018;42:511–517.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] of the authors. This may lead to the possible use of modern manufacturing processes for the Jaipur foot design.

Design: After modelling using CAD tool including its organic surfaces, the designed foot was analysed using a CAE tool for balanced standing load conditions to determine maximum stresses and deformation in its various parts. The bending analysis was done to check the dorsiflexion movement so that the strained sections could be identified for more reliable and durable prosthetic foot. For the static load analysis, base of the foot was constrained and 300–500 N load was applied through the bolt whereas for bending, the part near the bolt was fixed and pressure was applied at junction of front foot and toes.

Results: The results show that the maximum stress and deformation occur at the bolt, while the skin undergoes maximum strain. CAE analysis also proves the robustness of the Jaipur foot design and a well manufactured Jaipur foot as per standardized design should be able to withstand the real life conditions without failure. The CAD model is also used for FDM based printing for a nonfunctional prototype of Jaipur foot.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• The results of this study will serve as an important guideline for further research regarding equivalent material replacement, material optimization and obtaining an optimized design after studying the foot for dynamic analysis.

     

Countertransference Resistance

The therapeutic relationship derives its power from the development over time of a degree of interest and intensity on the part of both participants, an interest and intensity that in our contemporary culture of weak ties patients (and perhaps therapists as well) may be less willing to invest. As therapists we are increasingly challenged in our efforts to engage our patients, and to develop and maintain affective traction in our work with them. I present a clinical case to illustrate my attempt to grapple with these challenges.     

中国当代和谐精神的内涵与建构

倡导和谐理念,培育和谐精神是建设和谐文化的首要任务,是构建社会主义和谐社会的灵魂工程。当下,建构与社会主义市场经济相适应、与社会主义和谐社会要求相吻合的中国当代和谐精神,必须坚持以真为魂、以人为本、理论建构与现实生长对接、继承传统与批判创新统一等基本原则,积极探索有利于和谐精神生成的现实路径。     

“五四”后期周建人性道德思想对当代高校性道德教育的启示

“五四”后期，周建人的性道德思想内容丰富，具有前瞻性。深入挖掘和梳理其性道德思想的精华，对于当代高校树立科学的性道德观，进行性道德教育，培育大学生良好的性道德情操，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。