miR-216a-5p在HMGB1介导的表皮葡萄球菌感染致腹膜透析相关腹膜炎中的作用

 目的 探讨miR-216a-5p在高迁移率蛋白B1（HMGB1）介导的表皮葡萄球菌感染致小鼠腹膜透析相关腹膜炎（PDAP）中的作用及机制。方法 选取健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为对照组、感染组、感染+HMGB1抑制剂组,收集腹腔积液及腹膜组织分别进行白细胞计数、HE和免疫组织染色;Real-time PCR和Western Blot检测白细胞介素-1α（IL-1α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因素-α（TNF-α）、HMGB1、核转录因子-κB （NF-κB）和核转录因子抑制蛋白（I-κB）的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;生信预测发现,miR-216a-5p可能与HMGB1结合,参与其诱导的PDAP的发生,并构建感染+miR-216a-5p mimics组小鼠,通过双荧光素酶报告基因检测验证miR-216a-5p和HMGB1的关系,采用Real-time PCR、Western Blot、免疫组织染色检测HMGB1的表达变化。结果 与对照组相比,感染组小鼠腹腔积液白细胞计数增多,炎性浸润明显,IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α,以及HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白表达均升高（均P<0.05）;HMGB1抑制剂（甘草素）干预后,小鼠腹腔积液白细胞计数下降,炎性浸润改善,IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α,以及HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白表达均下降（均P<0.05）。感染组小鼠NF-κB表达高于对照组,I-κB表达低于对照组;HMGB1抑制剂干预后NF-κB表达降低,I-κB表达升高（均P<0.05）。Real-time PCR结果证实,与对照组相比,miR-216a-5p的含量在感染组中显著减少;双荧光素酶报告基因检测提示,miR-216a-5p可直接作用于HMGB1的3’UTR区;与感染组相比,感染+miR-216a-5p mimics组小鼠中HMGB1 mRNA和蛋白表达均下降（均P<0.05）。结论 HMGB1在表皮葡萄球菌感染致小鼠PDAP中发挥重要作用,抑制HMGB1可改善小鼠炎症反应,miR-216a-5p可通过靶向HMGB1参与表皮葡萄球菌感染致PDAP的发生。     

Empathy in medical education: A case for social construction

In this brief review, we build upon suggestions in Pedersen’s [1] excellent critical review of empathy research in medical education and make the case for an increase in social constructivist scholarship related to emotions and empathy within medical education contexts. In the process, we define social construction, as well as provide several key opportunities in which these types of theories could provide insights for medical educators.     

The terms ‘autacoid’, ‘hormone’ and ‘chalone’ and how they have shifted with time

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