Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Materials for Piezoelectric Actuators

The ban of lead in many electronic products and the expectation that, sooner or later, this ban will include the currently exempt piezoelectric ceramics based on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate has motivated many research groups to look for lead-free substitutes. After a short overview on different classes of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain, this review will focus on Bismuth-Sodium-Titanate and its solid solutions. These compounds exhibit extraordinarily high strain, due to a field induced phase transition, which makes them attractive for actuator applications. The structural features of these materials and the origin of the field-induced strain will be revised. Technologies for texturing, which increases the useable strain, will be introduced. Finally, the features that are relevant for the application of these materials in a multilayer design will be summarized.     

Cardiac Myxoma: Histochemical and Ultrastructural Localization of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans

A recurrent cardiac myxoma is examined histochemical ly at the ultrastructural level. By routine electron microscopy the stellate “myxoma” cell exhibits features suggestive of a secretory function in synthesis of its myxoid stroma. Spicer's high iron diamine (HID), which stains specifically for sulfated glycoconjugates, is utilized for intracellular localization of glycosaminoglycans. HID-positive reactive sites are localized within the Golgi-derived vacuoles and secretory granules of the myxoma cells. No staining is obtained with other cytoplasmic organelles except rare secondary lyso-somes. Although colloidal iron is less specific, both intracellular and extracellular positive reactive sites are observed. With ruthenium red staining the proteoglycans in the extracellular stroma can be visualized as numerous positively stained, polygonal 250-500 A matrix granules with faint filamentous projections. Positive intracellular ruthenium red-stained granules are also observed within the Golgi-derived vacuoles. The alcianophilia of the myxoid stroma with Alcian blue is almost completely abolished by prior treatment with bovine testicular hyaluronidase but is unaffected by leech hyaluronidase, indicating chondroitin sulfates A and/or C, not hyaluronic acid, as the major biochemical constituents of the stroma and the observed extracellular matrix granules. The above findings provide cytochemical evidence of intracellular synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans of the myxoma cell and its active participation in production of its stroma.     

Differentiating Small Round Cell Sarcomas of the Soft Parts by an Innovative Immunogold Labeling Method: An Ultrastructural Study

A new immunoelectron microscopy procedure was developed by remaking the fixed-frozen tissue specimens into LR White resin blocks suitable for postembedding colloidal gold immunolabeling, and used to examine 16 cases of small round cell soft tissue sarcomas. In rhabdomyosarcoma, ultrastructural double-immunogold staining demonstrated a coexpression of muscle specific actin and desmin in the same tumor cell. In both Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma, the heterogeneous expression of MIC2 gene product (p30/32^MIC2) in each tumor cell was demonstrated as well. In peripheral neuroepithelioma, the colloidal gold immunolabeling for neurofilament demonstrated the intermediate filaments surrounding microtubules. The procedure for ultrastructural colloidal gold immunolabeling using fixed-frozen tissue is thus considered to be useful not only for tumor diagnosis, but also for investigating various subcellular structures.     

乳化剂OP存在下胶束增溶分光光度法测定水中镉

目的：用胶束增溶分光光度法测定水中镉的含量,并比较了乳化剂OP(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)和吐温-20(聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯)的胶束增溶作用。方法：分别以体积分数为10％OP和体积分数为10％吐温-20为增溶剂,以PAN(1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚)为显色剂,在555nm波长处测定水中镉络合物的吸光度。结果：相同条件下,同浓度的镉络合物用OP的吸光度值是吐温-20的1．6倍,用OP作乳化剂平均回收率为96．5％,平行样品的相对平均偏差为2．57％,标准曲线线性良好,回归系数r=0．999 9,ε=4．6×104L·mol-1·cm-1。结论：乳化剂OP的增溶作用优于吐温-20,此法测定水中痕量镉较好。     

米索前列醇应用于晚期妊娠引产的临床研究

目的 :研究孕激素受体拮抗剂米索前列醇对妊娠晚期引产的效果。方法 :采用双盲对照法 ,选择晚期妊娠无米索前列醇禁忌证 6 0例为研究组 ,采用阴道给药总量 1 0 0mg ;另选择有关参数相同的 6 0例 ,应用催产素 ,两组观察相关指标体系进行比较。结果 :引产效果 ,分娩时间 ,宫颈评分等指标研究组均优于对照组。结论 :米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产效果优 ,安全     

蒙脱石治疗消化性溃疡50例

目的 :评价蒙脱石治疗消化性溃疡的临床疗效与安全性。方法 :蒙脱石组 (5 0例 )患胃溃疡 18例和十二指肠球部溃疡 32例 [男性 35例 ,女性 15例 ,年龄 (5 0±s 11)a],用蒙脱石散剂 3g ,tid ,疗程 4wk。胶态次枸橼酸铋组 (30例 )患胃溃疡 12例和十二指肠球部溃疡 18例 [男性 2 0例 ,女性 10例 ,年龄(48± 13)a],用胶态次枸橼酸铋胶囊 110mg ,tid ,疗程 4wk。结果 :蒙脱石组消化性溃疡愈合率为80 % ,总有效率为 90 % ,胶态次枸橼酸铋组消化性溃疡愈合率为 6 0 % ,总有效率为 77% ;2组愈合率、总有效率相比 ,差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,2组疗效的比较差异亦无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 2组不良反应均轻 ,分别为 4 %和 3% (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :蒙脱石治疗消化性溃疡有较好疗效 ,且不良反应少而轻微 ,是一种安全有效的药物     

胶体金免疫标记技术研究胆酸钠促进结肠吸收胰岛素的机理

目的利用胶体金免疫标记技术，研究促吸剂(胆酸钠和水杨酸钠)促进结肠吸收胰岛素的机制。方法 建立大鼠结肠给药模型，考察胰岛素制剂降糖作用，胶体金免疫标记结肠标本，电镜观察。结果以1 u·kg^-1的剂量给予胰岛素制剂，I(不含促吸剂)使大鼠血糖下降至原来的73.2%，II(含有促吸剂)使大鼠血糖下降至原来的16.4%；胶体金颗粒呈团状、点灶状分布，特异性强，无促吸剂时金颗粒仅分布在细胞间隙，有促吸剂时，在细胞表面和内部均可观察到金颗粒。降糖作用与电镜结果具有良好的相关性。结论在促吸剂作用下，胰岛素分子可在结肠上皮细胞进行转运。     

游离细胞甘露糖受体的亲和细胞化学电镜观察

目的 对小鼠腹腔巨噬细腻及人精子的甘露糖受体（ＭＲ）进行超微结构定位。方法 采用甘露糖基化牛血清白蛋白（ＤＭＡ）结合１０ｎｍ胶体金制备探针ＤＭＡ－Ｇ１０,以此探针标记小腹腔巨噬细胞和获能前后的人精子,并用疼爱 射电子显微民制备的ＤＭＡ－Ｇ１０具有基露糖基结合特性。小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞可分为明、暗中类型。“暗细胞”不含ＭＲ,“明细胞”细胞膜表面含ＭＲ,该受体与ＤＭＡ－Ｇ１０结合后内化入细胞内。人 子发生     

儿童幽门螺杆菌感染患儿不同治疗方案的疗效观察

目的观察克拉霉素、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联短程疗法对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的根除率,探讨初治失败后治疗方案的选择。方法经胃镜检查、组织活检确诊为Hp感染患儿86例,男50例,女36例。分为克拉霉素组62例,用克拉霉素、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联1周疗法;甲硝唑组24例,用甲硝唑、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联2周疗法。停药后4周,检测Hp根除率。对2组初治失败者进行复治,克拉霉素组增加克拉霉素剂量和延长奥美拉唑疗程;甲硝唑组采用克拉霉素三联1周疗法。复治再失败者采用铋剂四联疗法。结果克拉霉素组Hp根除率91.9%(57/62)较甲硝唑组75%(18/24)高,有显著性差异(χ2=4.448P<0.05)。本组共11例根除失败,采用3种复治方法后,根除率分别为80%(4/5)、66.7%(4/6)、100.0%(3/3)。结论克拉霉素三联1周短程疗法是根除儿童Hp感染的理想治疗方案。适当增加克拉霉素剂量和延长奥美拉唑疗程可提高根除率。采用铋剂四联法对克拉霉素耐药者有效。