Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases in collagen synthesis

Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. They provide a framework to build organs and tissues and give structural support to make them resistant to mechanical load and forces. Several intra‐ and extracellular modifications are needed to make functional collagen molecules, intracellular post‐translational modifications of proline and lysine residues having key roles in this. In this article, we provide a review on the enzymes responsible for the proline and lysine modifications, that is collagen prolyl 4‐hydroxylases, 3‐hydroxylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their biological functions and involvement in diseases.     

保妇康凝胶联合诺氟沙星治疗宫颈糜烂50例疗效观察

目的：探讨保妇康凝胶联合诺氟沙星治疗宫颈糜烂的临床效果。方法将100例宫颈糜烂患者根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组给予保妇康凝胶和诺氟沙星联合治疗，对照组单独给予治糜灵栓治疗，比较两组患者临床症状的变化，并对临床疗效进行评价。结果观察组治愈率为86.00%，明显高于对照组的74.00%，临床症状评分改善较对照组明显，且其临床症状消失的时间短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论保妇康凝胶与诺氟沙星合用比治糜灵栓治疗宫颈糜烂效果更佳，且治愈时间上明显较优，值得临床上推广应用。     

Buried Bumper Syndrome: A common complication of levodopa intestinal infusion for Parkinson disease

BackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is required for Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG) delivery in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as for enteral feeding in a variety of neurological disorders. Buried Bumper Syndrome (BBS) is a serious complication of PEG. The frequency of BBS in patients receiving LCIG treatment has never been reported.ObjectivesTo compare the frequency of BBS in patients on LCIG treatment or on enteral feeding over the past 12 years and identify possible risk factors.MethodsWe reviewed prospectively recorded data from 2009 to 2020 on two case-series: LCIG-treated PD patients and non-PD patients on enteral nutrition. We identified all BBS incidences. Patients’ characteristics, clinical manifestations, BBS management, possible risk factors and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsDuring the 12 years, 35 PD patients underwent PEG insertion for LCIG infusion, and 123 non-PD patients for nutritional support. There were eight cases of BBS in six PD patients (17.1%). Six of them were effectively managed without treatment discontinuation. Of the enteral feeding patients, only one developed BBS (0.8%) (p < 0.001). We identified inappropriate PEG site aftercare, weight gain, early onset PD, longer survival, treatment duration, dementia and PEG system design as potential risk factors for BBS development.ConclusionsBBS occurs more frequently in LCIG patients than in patients receiving enteral feeding. If detected early, it can be successfully managed, and serious sequalae or treatment discontinuation can be avoided. Regular endoscopic follow-up visits of LCIG-treated patients and increased awareness in patients and clinicians are recommended.     

Optimization of immunohistochemical detection of collagen type II in osteochondral sections by comparing decalcification and antigen retrieval agent combinations

Bone containing tissues such as osteochondral joint are resistant to routine tissue processing, therefore require decalcification. This technique causes removal of mineral salts, but in the process may macerate the organic tissue, hence the need for tissue fixation. Such severe processing demands careful antigen retrieval to necessitate optimal staining. The aim of our study was to compare five different antigen retrieval protocols (heat retrieval and protein digestion) following decalcification of rabbit knee joints using two different techniques (20% formic acid and 10% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid: EDTA). Osteochondral sections were compared based on time required for decalcification, ease of sectioning, morphological integrity using HE staining and antigen preservation (Collagen type II) using immunohistochemistry. The two decalcification solutions did not impair the tissue morphology and ease of sectioning. Joints processed with formic acid decalcified four times faster than EDTA. Among the five antigen retrieval approaches, maximal collagen II uptake with minimal nonspecific staining was found with protein digestion (pronase and hyaluronidase) in both formic acid and EDTA sections. For osteo-chondral sections, we recommend using 10% EDTA for decalcification and pronase plus hyaluronidase for antigen retrieval if maintaining tissue morphology is crucial, whereas if time is of the essence, 20% FA with pronase plus hyaluronidase is the faster option while still preserving structural integrity. Clin. Anat. 33:343–349, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Histomorphologic Characterization of Noncarious and Caries-Affected Dentin/Adhesive Interfaces

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the dentin/adhesive interfacial characteristics when bonding to noncarious as well as caries-affected dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven extracted, unerupted, third molars were sectioned into halves. Artificial caries was created on one-half of each tooth, leaving the other half as a control. Dentin surfaces were treated with UNO adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions for the wet-bonding technique and under environmental conditions present in the oral cavity. Dentin/adhesive interface sections of each half-tooth were stained with Goldner's trichrome, a classic bone stain, and examined using light microscopy. The width of exposed collagen was measured directly from photomicrographs, and adhesive penetration was analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: The degree and extent to which the adhesive encapsulated the demineralized dentin matrix were reflected in the color difference in the stained sections with the noncarious dentin sections showing a degree of collagen encapsulation superior to that of the caries-affected dentin sections. The overall mean widths of exposed collagen were significantly (p < or = .05) greater at the caries-affected dentin/adhesive interface, 8.6 (1.7) microm, as compared with those at the noncarious dentin/adhesive interface, 6.0 (1.5) microm. CONCLUSIONS: The morphologic characteristics of the caries-affected dentin/interface suggest an increase in the exposed collagen zone and a decrease in the quality of the adhesive infiltration when compared with noncarious dentin. The evidence suggests that dentin substrate characteristics have a significant effect on the dentin/adhesive interface structure.     

X线及MRI对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶隆胸后乳腺病变诊断价值的评价与比较

目的对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAG)注射式隆胸术后,出现并发症或合并乳腺其他病变的X线与MRI的诊断价值进行评估。方法回顾性分析26例PAG隆胸术后钼靶X线与MRI的影像表现。结果钼靶X线及MRI能显示充填物位置、形态,合并乳腺病变4例,X线全部漏诊,MRI能检出病灶。结论钼靶X线是PAG隆胸术后普查、随访的首选方法,但出现并发症或者合并乳腺病变时,MRI具有无法比拟的优越性,在临床诊断与治疗中发挥了重要作用。     

亚麻籽胶的胶凝性质

采用流变学法测定了亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点、熔化点，并采用质构仪、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜等手段研究了影响亚麻籽胶凝胶强度的因素，结果表明亚麻籽胶具有胶凝性，它能形成一种热可逆的冷致凝胶，亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点低于其凝胶的熔化点，且亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点及其凝胶的熔化点均随冷却的起始温度的升高而升高。亚麻籽胶浓度、溶解温度、pH、NaCl、CaCl2及复合磷酸盐能影响亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度随着浓度的增加及溶解温度的升高而增强；在pH6～9的范围内，亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度达到最大；NaCl和复合磷酸盐可以降低亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，低浓度（〈0．3％）的CaCl2可以增强亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，而高质量分数（〉0．3％）的CaCl2能降低亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度。