焦炉工血清ras P21水平和外周血淋巴细胞SCE率检测

目的:为了解接触焦炉逸散物职业性人群遗传效应的改变,从分子水平揭示焦炉逸散物的遗传毒作用.方法:对25名焦炉工和12名正常对照分别检测了血清P21和外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)率.结果:发现焦炉工P21水平(3 774.2)、SCE率(11.43)明显高于对照组P21水平(1 270.7)和SCE率(6.37);焦炉工中,炉顶工血清P21均值(4 377.5)高于其它工种(3 300.1),炉顶工SCE(13.51)明显高于其它工种(10.07);对焦炉工按是否吸烟进行比较,未发现组间P21和SCE有差异显著性.结论:提示焦炉逸散物具有较强的遗传毒理学效应,可提高机体癌蛋白P21水平和SCE频率.     

焦炉作业工人血清脂质过氧化物和抗氧化酶研究

目的为了探讨焦炉逸散物对作业工人血清脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法对焦炉作业工人４５９人和对照３５６人血清ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨＰｘ、ＭＤＡ进行了测定分析。结果焦化作业组血清ＳＯＤ活性与对照相比轻度增高,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）;ＧＳＨＰｘ活性较对照组明显增高,有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;而ＭＤＡ与对照组比较无明显变化。结论提示在一定程度上接触焦炉逸散物,可能诱导了机体的氧化适应反应,使得焦炉作业工人抗氧化功能有所增强。     

焦炉立火道温度的智能集成软测量方法及其应用

在分析焦炉立火道温度特性的基础上,提出了一种基于线性回归(LR)和监督式分布神经网络(SDNN)的立火道温度智能集成软测量方法。通过特性分析提出了典型蓄热室的选取原则,并利用级数验证了选取的有效性。为反映蓄顶温度与立火道温度的关系,首先分别建立了一元、二元和十二元LR模型,并通过智能集成将3个模型的输出进行有机融合;然后在对样本监督式聚类后,利用SDNN获得各个子网的综合输出;最后由专家协调器协调LR和SDNN的输出,得到立火道温度的软测量值。实际运行结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

焦炉作业与代谢综合征的相关性研究

[目的]探讨焦化厂焦炉作业与代谢综合征之间的相关性。[方法]以焦炉作业工人为研究对象,选取男性焦炉作业工人432名,其中炉顶工208名、炉侧工161名和炉底工63名。112名对照选自机电车间工人。检测所有研究对象的身高、体重、血压、血糖、高密度脂蛋白以及三酰甘油水平,按照中华医学会糖尿病分会(CDS)建议的标准诊断代谢综合征。[结果]采用多元Logistic回归分析对各组间年龄、工龄、吸烟和饮酒状况等因素进行校正后,发现炉顶组及炉侧组与对照组相比患代谢综合征的危险度升高,调整OR值分别为3．33(95％可信区间为1．07-10．34)和3．43 (95％可信区间为1．13-10.37);且炉顶组及炉侧组高血压患病率也显著高于对照组(P<0．05),而炉底组危险度未见升高。[结论]炉顶和炉侧作业可增加该作业人群患代谢综合征的危险度。     

焦炉工GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性和外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系

[目的]探讨GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性与外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系。[方法]选择某焦化厂248名焦炉作业工人,其中炉顶区作业工人99人,炉侧作业78人,炉底作业71人。120名与之相匹配的对照人群选自该厂非职业多环芳烃(PAHs)暴露者。采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验观察外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤;运用多重PCR方法检测GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性。同时,通过问卷调查的方式了解被调查者的年龄、吸烟、饮酒和个人职业暴露史。[结果]炉顶和炉侧区作业工人外周血淋巴细胞的Olive尾矩(OliveTailMoment,OTM)经对数转换后分别为1.37±1.16和1.46±0.97,均明显高于炉底区和对照组(OTM分别为0.98±1.18、0.56±0.99),差异显著(P<0.05)。经调整年龄、吸烟、暴露等级等因素后,焦炉作业组中GSTM1(-)基因型和GSTM1( )基因型的外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤分别为1.36±1.15和1.15±1.10,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。其中炉顶区作业工人GSTM1(-)基因型OTM明显高于GSTM1( )基因型(分别为1.56±1.08、1.09±1.25,P<0.05)。此外,在焦炉作业组中,GSTM1(-)GSTT1( )基因型OTM为1.44±1.13,明显高于GSTM1( )GSTT1( )基因型0.94±1.06,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);GSTM1( )GSTT1(-)和GSTM1(-)GSTT1(-)基因型OTM分别为1.36±1.10、1.28±1.17,两者差异无显著性。[结论]在炉顶作业工人中,GSTM1基因型可以明显影响外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤程度。GSTM1和GSTT1基因存在交互作用,同时携带GSTM1( )和GSTT1( )基因型的焦炉作业工人淋巴细胞DNA损伤水平较低。     

Effects of Boron Carbide on Coking Behavior and Chemical Structure of High Volatile Coking Coal during Carbonization

Modified cokes with improved resistance to CO₂ reaction were produced from a high volatile coking coal (HVC) and different concentrations of boron carbide (B₄C) in a laboratory scale coking furnace. This paper focuses on modification mechanism about the influence of B₄C on coking behavior and chemical structure during HVC carbonization. The former was studied by using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer. For the latter, four semi-cokes prepared from carbonization tests for HVC with or without B₄C at 450 °C and 750 °C, respectively, were analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectrum and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technologies. It was found that B₄C will retard extensive condensation and crosslinking reactions by reducing the amount of active oxygen obtained from thermally produced free radicals and increase secondary cracking reactions, resulting in increasing size of aromatic layer and anisotropic degree in coke structure, which eventually improves the coke quality.     

Evaluation of Coke Resistivity for the Manganese Alloy Market

The submerged arc furnace (SAF) has become the equipment of choice to produce manganese ferro-alloy. Furnace operators aim to reduce the cost of production by better understanding the role played by the various raw materials involved in the process. Coke is one of the key raw materials fed into the SAF; it plays three key roles in electric furnaces: as a reducing agent, as a source of carbon found in the alloy, and as a resistive element facilitating heat generation in the furnace. The heat generated plays two key functions in the furnace: ensuring both the metal and the slag have a sufficient low viscosity, and providing the heat required to support endothermic reactions. This study investigated the ambient-temperature and high-temperature resistivity characteristics of coke made from single-source coals. The measurement of coke resistivity was performed using the Kelvin (four-point) technique. The results showed a statistically significant difference in mean resistivity between cokes made from different coals. It was observed that coke resistivity generally decreased with increasing temperatures. Raman spectroscopy showed that the structural order of coke changes with increasing temperature.     

焦炉工人外周血淋巴细胞HSP 72表达特征

目的 研究焦炉工人外周血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白72(HSP72)表达特征及其影响因素.方法 选取某焦化厂焦炉工人267人和对照30人,蛋白印迹(Western blot)法检测外周血淋巴细胞HSP 72的表达,高效液相色谱法测定作业环境空气中苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]浓度.收集研究对象个人信息.结果 炉顶工、炉侧工外周血淋巴细胞HSP 72表达水平(G±SG)(1.20±0.47,1.30±0.37)显著高于对照组(0.85±0.34),炉侧工显著高于炉底工(1.01±0.35),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同作业环境[B(a)P]浓度与相应作业区工人外周血淋巴细胞HSP72表达水平呈二项式分布(R2=0.9999).Logistic分析显示,与对照组相比,焦炉逸散物暴露引起淋巴细胞HSP 72表达阳性的调整OR为1.31,其中炉顶工、炉侧工调整OR分别为1.49和2.69.多元线性回归分析显示,在低暴露水平下(炉底工、对照组),吸烟指数和饮酒是HSP 72表达水平升高的抑制因素(β分别为-0.0001和-0.05,P＜0.05).结论 焦炉逸散物可诱导外周血淋巴细胞HSP72表达升高,但高暴露剂量为焦炉逸散物对HSP 72表达有抑制作用.低暴露水平下吸烟和饮酒对HSP 72表达有抑制作用.     

加压快速热解液相炭化焦的物理性质及CO2气化活性

以一种液相炭化焦(石油焦)为原料,在快速升温和热解压力为常压至3 MPa下制备了热解焦,主要考察了热解停留时间和热解压力对其失重、BET表面积和CO2气化活性的影响。结果表明：在加压快速热解条件下,随热解停留时间增加,液相炭化焦的失重率增加,BET表面积呈下降趋势,气化活性略微减小;随热解压力增加,液相炭化焦的失重率增加,BET表面积先增加后下降,气化活性略微变化,甚至基本不变;常压条件下液相炭化焦的气化活性明显高于加压条件下的气化活性。