柳州地区HIV感染者合并HBV、HCV及TP感染现状分析

目的分析人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者中合并乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）以及梅毒螺旋体（TP）感染的流行现状及其特点。方法对确诊的184例HIV感染者进行流行病学调查，并采集血标本进行HBV、HCV和梅毒血清学检测。结果HIV感染者感染途径分别为：静脉注射毒品44．0％，性传播20．1％，母婴传播4.3％，输血或血制品3．8％，其他（原因不详）27．7％。184例HIV感染者中，抗-HCV阳性者36人（19．6％），HBsAg阳性者29人（15．8％），梅毒感染者21人（11．4％）。HIV、HBV和HCV三重感染者9人，约占4．9％。结论柳州市HIV感染以静脉注射毒品为主，性传播有所上升，HIV感染正由特殊人群向普通人群蔓延。HIV合并HBV、HCV、TP感染较为常见。建议在性病门诊中常规开展HIV的筛查，对HIV感染者常规进行HBV、HCV的相关检查并积极采取相关的预防治疗措施。     

T淋巴细胞对HBV反应能力的比较研究HIV感染急性期及慢性期

目的　探索HIV感染急性期及慢性期T淋巴细胞对HBV反应能力的差异。方法　入组合并HBV感染的HIV感染急性期患者10例,合并HBV感染的HIV感染慢性期患者15例,分析HBV DNA与HIV RNA及CD4+ T细胞之间的相关性;收集患者的外周血单个核细胞,用HBsAg重叠肽刺激培养后检测CD4+ T细胞及CD8+ T细胞分泌IFN-γ的能力。结果　HBV DNA水平与HIV RNA水平呈正相关（r=0.502,P=0.011）,HBV DNA水平与CD4+ T细胞计数呈负相关（r=-0.409,P=0.042）。HIV感染急性期患者经HBsAg重叠肽刺激后CD4+ T细胞及CD8+ T细胞分泌IFN-γ的能力（分别为9.1%±3.9%及4.4%±1.8%）明显高于HIV感染慢性期患者（分别为5.7%±2.5%及2.7%±1.4%）。结论　HIV合并HBV感染的患者在HIV感染急性期对HBV的清除能力明显高于HIV感染慢性期,本研究为探究HIV感染不同时期对HBV清除能力差异提供了证据。     

2006—2017年贵州省肺结核流行特征分析

目的 分析2006—2017年贵州省肺结核流行特征,为全省肺结核防控提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病方法分析2006—2017年贵州省肺结核报告发病率,用动态数列法分析9个市/州不同阶段的变化。结果 2006—2017年全省肺结核总发病617 115例,平均发病率为142.15/10万,总体呈下降趋势（χ2趋势= 932.07,P＜0.01）;遵义、铜仁、安顺市,黔南州平均发病率高于全省平均水平,2010年后黔南、黔东南州,六盘水市平均增长速度均＞0;≥61岁人群、农民发病率最高,分别为:270/10万、102.55/10万;男性发病率均高于女性(男:198.00/10万,女:108.34/10万);流动人口肺结核患者构成比在20.3%～24.6%之间,总体呈增长趋势（χ2趋势= 131.47,P＜0.01）;PTB/HIV共感染率在0.11%～0.36%之间。结论 贵州省肺结核发病率仍处较高水平,男性、≥61岁、农民、流动人口为重点人群,建议加强宣传教育,建立有效流动人口管理模式,尤其发病率较高、呈上升趋势区域,完善肺结核中HIV高危人群筛查制度。     

HDV/HBV体外感染原代培养人胎肝细胞的实验研究

目的：建立ＨＤＶ／ＨＢＶ感染人胎肝细胞体外培养系统。方法：利用ＨＤＶ／ＨＢＶ阳性血清同时感染体外２的人胎肝细胞;应用ＥＬＩＳＡ、免疫组化法、原位杂交法和斑点法检测上清液和细胞中ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＤＶｃＤＮＡ。结果：上清液和细胞中ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＤＶｃＤＮＡ在感染后第２天至第１６天均可测出,其中上清液中ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ以感染后第４天至第１２天达高峰,结论     

A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region)

From 2019 to 2021, a retrospective molecular study was conducted in the Campania region (southern Italy) to determine the prevalence of viral diseases in domestic cats. A total of 328 dead animals were analyzed by Real-Time PCR for the presence of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV), rotavirus (RVA), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), and feline calicivirus (FCV). The possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 was also investigated by Real-Time PCR. The cats included in this study were specifically sourced and referred by local veterinarians and local authorities to the Zooprofilactic Experimental Institute of Southern Italy (IZSM) for pathological evaluation. The samples consisted of owners, catteries, and stray cats. Results revealed: 73.5% positive cats for FPV (189/257), 23.6% for FeLV (21/89), 21.5% for FCoV (56/266), 11.4% for RVA (16/140), 9.05% for FeHV-1 (21/232), and 7.04 for FCV (15/213). In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was never detected. FPV was more prevalent in winter (p = 0.0027). FCoV FHV-1, FCV, and RVA predominated in autumn, whereas FeLV predominated in summer. As expected, viral infections were found more frequently in outdoor and shelter cats than in indoor ones, although no statistical association was found between animal lifestyle and viral presence. The study showed a high prevalence of FPV, FeLV, and FCoV and a moderate prevalence of RVA, FHV-1, and FCV. Moreover, the prevalence of these pathogens varied among the cat populations investigated.     

Trans-Encapsidation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genomes Facilitates Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies

Foot-and-mouth disease is an economically devastating disease of livestock caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Vaccination is the most effective control measure in place to limit the spread of the disease; however, the success of vaccination campaigns is hampered by the antigenic diversity of FMDV and the rapid rate at which new strains emerge that escape pre-existing immunity. FMDV has seven distinct serotypes, and within each serotype are multiple strains that often induce little cross-protective immunity. The diversity of FMDV is a consequence of the high error rate of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, accompanied by extensive recombination between genomes during co-infection. Since multiple serotypes and strains co-circulate in regions where FMDV is endemic, co-infection is common, providing the conditions for recombination, and also for other events such as trans-encapsidation in which the genome of one virus is packaged into the capsid of the co-infecting virus. Here, we demonstrate that the co-infection of cells with two FMDVs of different serotypes results in trans-encapsidation of both viral genomes. Crucially, this facilitates the infection of new cells in the presence of neutralizing antibodies that recognize the capsid that is encoded by the packaged genome.     

中国部分地区人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者/艾滋病患者合并感染HBV或/和HCV的研究进展

分析德宏傣族景颇族自治州（简称“德宏州”）人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）双阳性夫妻合并丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染特征和影响因素。

利用2016—2019年德宏州新报告的HIV双阳性夫妻病例疫情卡片,收集不同性别配偶的一般人口学信息、接触史、HCV感染情况等资料,探究HIV双阳性夫妻特征和合并HCV感染的情况。

纳入的160对HIV双阳性夫妻中,有46例（28.8%）男性、14例（8.8%）女性HIV感染者合并感染HCV。单因素分析显示,HIV确诊年龄<40岁、景颇族、缅甸籍、未接受系统教育、农民和有注射毒品史的男性配偶合并HCV感染率更高;HIV确诊年龄<40岁、景颇族和缅甸籍的女性配偶合并HCV感染率更高。男性配偶的多因素logistic回归分析显示,景颇族（OR=3.76,95%CI：1.14~12.39）和注射毒品史（OR=29.46,95%CI：2.42~358.42）会增加HCV合并感染率。

德宏州HIV双阳性夫妻HCV合并感染率较高,应针对民族特异性因素和HIV双阳性夫妻不同性别配偶的暴露特点,制定有效的干预策略以减少疾病负担。

     

Assessment of Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine efficacy in a co-infection challenge model with QX-like infectious bronchitis virus

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the primary cause of chronic respiratory disease in poultry. We investigated the protective efficacy of the live-attenuated ts-11 and 6/85 MG vaccines against a local MG strain and, in order to enhance signs and mimic a typical field situation, we co-infected birds with a virulent strain of QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Both vaccines showed similar ability to protect infected chickens from clinical signs, although ts-11 performed slightly better. Despite the lower protection against clinical disease, 6/85-vaccinated birds had significantly (P?≤?0.05) lower tracheal lesion scores and mucosal thickness at day 28 post-vaccination (7 days post-challenge [dpc] with MG, 2 dpc IBV) and day 31 post-vaccination (10 dpc MG challenge, 5 dpc IBV) compared to ts-11 vaccinated birds, but these difference was not significant at day 33 (12 dpc MG, 7 dpc IBV). Pathogen infection and replication was assessed by qPCR, and the 6/85 vaccine produced a more significant (P?≤?0.05) reduction in MG replication in the lungs, kidneys and livers but enhanced late replication in bursae and caecal tonsils. In contrast, the ts-11 vaccine had a more pronounced reductive effect on replication in tracheas, air sacs, bursae and heart at days 28 and 31, yet increased replication in lungs. Interestingly, both vaccines provided non-specific protection against IBV challenge. The co-challenge model provided useful data on vaccine efficacy, especially on days 31 and 33, and tracheas, lungs, air sacs, kidneys, liver and caecal tonsils were the best organs to assess.