血清补体系统在流行性出血热患者中的变化及其意义

应用单向免疫扩散法测定了流行性出血热(EHF)患者的7种补体成份和血浆素原(Pg).结果表明,CT脂酶抑制剂在少尿期、多尿期和恢复期均高于正常(P<0.01);补体C_1q在多尿期高于正常(P<0.01);补体C_4在发热期和少尿期低于正常(P<0.01),以后逐渐恢复正常;补体C_3,C_5和C_9的变化与C_4相似;B因子在少尿期低于正常(P<0.01),在多尿期高于正常(P<0.05);Pg始终高于正常水平但在少尿期有回降.说明EHF患者不仅有补体经典途径的识别阶段、活化阶段和膜攻击阶段的变化,而且亦有旁路激活,其活化程度与病情有关.     

Linear relationship between the maintenance of hippocampal long-term potentiation and retention of an associative memory.

The hypothesis that the maintenance or decay of an associative memory trace after an extended retention interval is a function of the residual strength of the synapses originally strengthened during learning was examined in a classical conditioning paradigm in which high-frequency stimulation of a hippocampal input--the medial perforant path--served as a conditioned stimulus. Rats received perforant path stimulus-foot shock pairings while engaged in a previously acquired food-motivated lever-pressing task. Conditioned suppression of lever pressing was the behavioral measure of learning and retention of the association. Stimulus trains to the perforant path at an intensity above the threshold for eliciting a population spike induced long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus. Synaptic potentials recorded extracellularly in the dentate gyrus were subsequently monitored for 31 days to examine quantitatively the decay of synaptic potentiation, a period after which retention of the learned association was assessed. All rats learned the association to a similar extent and displayed equivalent amounts of long-term potentiation by the end of conditioning. A slowly decaying function of synaptic potentiation was observed in remembering rats, i.e., rats with high retention performance after the 31-day learning-to-retention interval, while forgetting was associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation. Behavioral performance at the long-term memory test was linearly correlated with the amplitude of long-term potentiation maintained just prior to the retention test. The results favor the hypothesis that long-term associative memory depends, at least in part, on the maintenance of elevated synaptic strengths in the pathway activated during learning and suggest a role for the lasting component of long-term potentiation in the maintenance of memory.     

运用中国古典音乐应对胃癌病人的术前焦虑

[目的 ]探讨中国古典音乐治疗胃癌病人术前焦虑的作用。 [方法 ]随机将 60例早期胃癌病人分成实验组和对照组。两组均给予解释、指导、鼓励、安慰等支持性治疗 ,实验组再给予音乐治疗。应用Zung氏焦虑自评量表 (SAS)对两组病人进行评估。 [结果 ]两组病人在支持性治疗前焦虑评分比较无统计学意义 ,而实验组病人在给予音乐治疗后焦虑分值比对照组有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。 [结论 ]中国古典音乐影响人的情绪行为 ,从而引起愉快、舒适的情绪 ,有改善和调整人的大脑皮层的功能     

Identification of 16 novel mutations in the argininosuccinate synthetase gene and genotype-phenotype correlation in 38 classical citrullinemia patients

Classical citrullinemia (CTLN1), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutations of the argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) gene, localized on chromosome 9q34.1. ASS functions as a rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle. Previously, we identified 32 mutations in the ASS gene of CTLN1 patients mainly in Japan and the United States, and to date 34 different mutations have been described in 50 families worldwide. In the present study, we report ASS mutations detected in 35 additional CTLN1 families from 11 countries. By analyzing the entire coding sequence and the intron-exon boundaries of the ASS gene using RT-PCR and/or genomic DNA-PCR, we have identified 16 novel mutations (two different 1-bp deletions, a 67-bp insertion, and 13 missense) and have detected 12 known mutations. Altogether, 50 different mutations (seven deletion, three splice site, one duplication, two nonsense, and 37 missense) in 85 CTLN1 families were identified. On the basis of primary sequence comparisons with the crystal structure of E. coli ASS protein, it may be concluded that any of the 37 missense mutations found at 30 different positions led to structural and functional impairments of the human ASS protein. It has been found that three mutations are particularly frequent: IVS6-2A>G in 23 families (Japan: 20 and Korea: three), G390R in 18 families (Turkey: six, U.S.: five, Spain: three, Israel: one, Austria: one, Canada: one, and Bolivia: one), and R304W in 10 families (Japan: nine and Turkey: one). Most mutations of the ASS gene are "private" and are distributed throughout the gene, except for exons 5 and 12-14. It seems that the clinical course of the patients with truncated mutations or the G390R mutation is early-onset/severe. The phenotype of the patients with certain missense mutations (G362V or W179R) is more late-onset/mild. Eight patients with R86H, A118T, R265H, or K310R mutations were adult/late-onset and four of them showed severe symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum. However, it is still difficult to prove the genotype-phenotype correlation, because many patients were compound heterozygotes (with two different mutations), lived in different environments at the time of diagnosis, and/or had several treatment regimes or various knowledge of the disease.     

Simultaneous Detection of ACP1 and GC Genotypes Using PCR/SSCP

The classical enzyme and protein markers ACP1 and GC have gained new importance because of the biological functions of their gene products. ACP1 encodes a low molecular weight enzyme which is now recognized as a phosphotyrosine phosphatase with a role in the regulation of signal transduction pathways, and GC‐globulin acts both as a transporter of vitamin D and as a plasma actin scavenger and plays a role in macrophage activation. These two polymorphisms were phenotyped for decades on the basis of electrophoretic isozyme or protein patterns; the gene structures are now known. Nucleotide substitutions determining the common alleles are close enough at each locus to be contained in one short PCR product. We have developed a simple, rapid and reliable multiplex method based on PCR and SSCP which allows the simultaneous determination of the common ACP1 and GC genotypes.     

Expression of classical protein kinase C subspecies in non-neoplastic lymphocytes and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: an immunohistochemical study

It is generally accepted that phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in the cellular response of cell differentiation and proliferation. Immunohistochemical expression of classical protein kinase C (cPKC) subspecies (alpha, beta and gamma) in eight reactive lymphoid tissues, three normal spleens and 149 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was examined. cPKC beta was observed primarily in the mantle zone B cells, but appeared as very faint staining in Ki-67 positive proliferated B cells in the germinal centers of secondary lymph follicles. In contrast to the reactive state, high levels of cPKC subspecies were recognized in the majority of 149 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including those thought to have arisen from germinal center cells such as follicular lymphoma. The expression of cPKC alpha was found in higher frequency in T cell lymphomas than B cell lymphomas (P < 0.01) by the Chi-squared test. High levels of cPKC alpha were present only in high grade or highly aggressive lymphomas, showing the highest incidence in the small non-cleaved cell type, according to the International Working Formulation and National Cancer Institute (P < 0.01). cPKC gamma was not detected in normal lymphoid cells and was expressed in only four cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It is presumed that cPKC alpha and beta have a relationship to cell activation and proliferation of lymphoid cells of reactive and neoplastic states. It might be considered that the expression of cPKC alpha may have a relationship with aggressiveness in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.     

Early coping experience and later aversive conditioning in cats

Kittens were given differential early experience in order to compare an objective coping behavior with the result of an inescapable aversive experience. Separate groups of kittens were treated in a shock motivated runway task at either 4 or 12 weeks of age, by allowing one member of a weight matched sibling pair to acquire an escape behavior, while the other member was confined; a third subject served as a handled control. Escape behavior was significantly different for 4 and 12 week old subjects, since the older kittens reached a running asymptote within the first few shock trials. At 6 months of age, the subjects were tested for effects of differential early treatment; heart rate, respiration rate and amplitude, and somatic activity were measured during classical conditioning. While all groups gave evidence of acquisition in one or more response measures, only a potentiated heart rate response in 4 week kittens could be related to early experience. Heart rate did not differentiate escaping kittens from confined ones. Rather, heart rate was related to early treatment with shock, perhaps reflecting an increased tendency to react with a passive defensive response.     

经典名方中藿香类药材的本草考证

通过查阅古代相关本草、医籍、经史及近现代文献资料,笔者对藿香类药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、栽培、采收加工及炮制方法等进行了系统梳理与考证,可为含藿香类药材的经典名方开发利用提供依据。通过本草考证分析可知,历代本草多以“藿香”为正名,所用主流基原均为Pogostemon cablin,为区别于明代以来我国民间习用的同科另一种植物土藿香Agastache rugosa及推崇道地产区而有“广藿香”之名;广藿香原产于越南等东南亚国家,早期因作香料经广东等地传入我国,宋代以来便已在我国南方引种成功;药用部位多为其干燥地上部分,亦有将其叶、梗分开单独使用;历代推崇的道地产区为广东,现广东广州、肇庆、湛江和海南省多有栽培,以石牌所产最为知名;广藿香主要为扦插繁殖,二月生苗,六月采收;产地加工方法主要为闷晒法,放置阳光下反复闷晒至有芳香气味、颜色转黄;炮制方法多以净选后生品入药。基于考证结果,建议养胃汤中所用藿香以P. cablin为基原,取叶片生品入药,而藿朴夏苓汤则建议选择土藿香A. rugosa除去根及老茎的生品入药。     

基于古今文献对经典名方中细辛毒性的有效避减探析

目的：通过研究细辛的相关文献,对影响细辛毒性的关键信息进行梳理,为经典名方中细辛的合理应用提供依据。方法：通过文献计量学的方式,搜集细辛的古今相关文献,分析细辛毒性与药物基原、用药部位、炮制方式、药物剂型、方药配伍、服药方法及患者体质因素之间的关系。结果：在经典名方的研发过程中,细辛在当归四逆汤、厚朴麻黄汤中的用量分别为9、6 g,煎煮时间应>120 min;细辛在辛夷散、三痹汤、大秦艽汤、清上蠲痛汤种的单次用量分别为0.8、1.2、0.9、1.1 g;当归四逆汤、厚朴麻黄汤、清上蠲痛汤等应选用辽细辛的根茎,辛夷散可选择汉城细辛的根茎。在药物的炮制上,当归四逆汤、厚朴麻黄汤、三痹汤、大秦艽汤四方中的细辛可选用酒制;辛夷散、清上蠲痛汤中的细辛可选用炒制;另外,细辛的毒性与药物的配伍和患者的体质等因素均有着密切的关系。结论：该研究通过梳理有关细辛毒性的文献资料,得出了影响细辛毒性的关键信息,探析了细辛毒性的有效避减方式,为包含细辛的经典名方的合理开发和安全应用提供了更为充分的依据。