Bowel visualization during indium-111-labelled diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid cisternography due to massive cerebrospinal fluid leak

We report a case of massive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage where the tracer injected intra-thecally for radionuclide cisternography was later visualized in the bowel as well as the nasopharynx. We discuss the potential implications of this finding in patients with CSF leaks. A brief review of the diagnosis of CSF leaks is included.     

Unusual CT and MRI findings in palatal myoclonus

A 23-year-old man suffered from palatal myoclonus for 2 years. It had appeared one week after a minor head trauma. MRI and basal cisternography revealed a localized atrophy of the left paramedian part of the medulla, encroached upon the left vertebral artery. Clonazepam treatment was beneficial. This particular case is discussed in relation to etiopathogenesis and other causes of palatal myoclonus.     

Treatment of supratentorial primary arachnoid cysts

Summary Twenty-four cases of supratentorial primary arachnoid cysts operated with different techniques are reviewed: both cyst shunting or extirpation may lead to a good early clinical result, but the former is less dangerous and more indicated in a particular group of patients; late results are better in the shunted patients. CT scan is almost always diagnostic and is mandatory postoperatively to assess the late results.     

自发性脑脊液漏致原发性低颅压综合症

[目的]探讨自发性脑脊液漏与原发性低颅压综合症的相互关系,其临床特点、诊断及治疗。[方法]分析了两例以原发性低颅压综合症为临床表现的自发性脑脊液鼻漏患者的临床资料,并复习这两类疾病的相关文献。[结果]两例患者均突发起病,表现为额颞部剧痛后出现恶心、呕吐及体位性头痛,用力及咳嗽时症状加重,平卧时缓解。腰穿颅内压力为0,脑脊液中红细胞、微量蛋白增加。脑池核素显像两例均发现脑脊液鼻漏,其中1例伴有颈胸段脑脊液漏。[结论]自发性脑脊液鼻漏是原发性低颅压综合症的致病因素之一,脑池核素显像可以明确诊断,补液治疗可以获得临床治愈。     

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea—Transnasal endoscopic repair

The recent advances in nasal endoscopic surgery in anterior skull base area have made it the procedure of choice for repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSFR). The aim of the present study is to analyze the technique and efficacy of endoscopic repair of CSFR.     

The current state of the radiological diagnosis of acoustic neuroma

Summary Thin, overlapping section, contrast-enhanced, axial and coronal CT, with additional highresulution (HR) treatment of the sections through the internal auditory canal, was performed on 31 patients clinically suspected of acoustic neuroma. With this technique 13 acoustic neuromas protruding more than 10 mm and eight acoustic neuromas protruding between 2 and 10 mm outside the internal auditory canal were unequivocally diagnosed. O₂CT cisternography was performed on ten patients. An intracanalicular neuroma was diagnosed in three cases with this technique, also a small extracanalicular neuroma in one case, and an acoustic neuroma was definitely excluded in six cases. It is concluded that O₂CT cisternography is the diagnostic procedure of choice for the detection of purely intracanalicular neuromas and the definite exclusion of acoustic neuroma. HR CT proved superior to polytomography for the evaluation of the internal auditory canal and should be performed in every case suspected of acoustic neuroma. A protocol for the radiological investigation of patients suspected of acoustic neuroma is given     

Surgical indications for infantile subdural effusion

Thirty-four cases of infantile subdural effusion (ISE) were reviewed in relation to surgical treatment and its prognosis during an average of 4 years of extended follow-up. The surgical indications were determined mainly by the size of the ISE on computed tomography (CT) scan and by metrizamide CT cisternography (MCTC). Consequently, 18 cases were categorized as type A according to MCTC, including 11 cases (61.1%) of ISE CT grade 1. All type A cases were closely observed. This nontreatment regimen yielded excellent results in 15 cases (83.3%). For 10 cases categorized as type B according to MCTC, including 5 cases (50%) of ISE CT grade 3, surgical treatment was indicated and excellent results were obtained in 8 cases (80%). For 6 cases categorized as type C according to MCTC and as ISE CT grade 3, surgery yielded excellent results in 4 cases (66.7%). Antiepleptic drugs have been given to three (27.3%) of the 11 patients who had convulsive attacks. In conclusion, the surgical indications for ISE were based mainly on MCTC in addition to the clinical course, and it is emphasized that, in the early stages, surgery on ISE cases categorized as MCTC types B and C is necessary.