Anticestodal Activity of Trifolium repens. Extract

ABSTRACT

Trifolium repens. L. is an herbal plant that is used in the folk medicine of the Naga tribes of India as a deworming remedy. This study deals with evaluating its anticestodal activity using experimental Hymenolepis diminuta. Rudolphi infections in albino rats. Doses of T. repens. aerial shoots extract 200 and 500?mg/kg reduced the mean fecal egg counts of H. diminuta. by 47.72% and 54.59% and worm recovery rate by 60.00% and 40.00%, respectively. Praziquantel, the standard cestocidal drug, reduced the mean fecal egg count by 65.90% and worm recovery rate by 26.67%. The study suggests that the aerial shoots of T. repens. bear anticestodal properties and supports its use in the traditional medicine system.     

Anticestodal Efficacy of Lasia spinosa. Extract Against Experimental Hymenolepis diminuta. Infections in Rats

Abstract

The use of Lasia spinosa. (L.) Thwaites (Araceae) leaves in the treatment of intestinal worm infections is a common ethnobotanical practice in the Naga tribes of India. In the current study, the anticestodal efficacy of L. spinosa. leaf extract was investigated against a tapeworm using Hymenolepis diminuta.–rat animal model. The anticestodal effects of L. spinosa. leaf extract was determined by monitoring the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and percentage worm recovery rates after treatment with leaf extract in single and double doses of 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/kg that were given orally for 5 days to the rats harboring immature and mature worms. The effect of plant extract was found to be dose-dependent, and double doses showed better efficacy as compared with single doses. In the case of infections with immature worms, 1600 mg/kg double dose of L. spinosa. leaf extract reduced the fecal egg counts of H. dimunta. by 80.8% and worm recovery rate by 16.7%, respectively. Praziquantel, the standard anticestodal drug given in 5 mg/kg single dose, reduced the fecal egg count by 83.2% and worm recovery rate by 16.7%. In the case of efficacy against mature worms, 1600 mg/kg double dose of leaf extract reduced the fecal egg counts of H. diminuta. by 94.9% and worm recovery rate by 8.5%, respectively. Praziquantel (5 mg/kg, single dose) reduced the fecal egg counts by 95.1% and worm recovery rate by 16.7%. The study suggests that the leaf extract of L. spinosa. possesses significant anticestodal efficacy and supports its use in folk medicine.     

分子标记在医学蠕虫遗传多态性研究中的应用

医学蠕虫引起的人兽共患寄生虫病严重危害人类健康。对医学蠕虫进行遗传多态性研究,不仅可以了解其种群的生物学特性和遗传结构,而且有助于揭示它们如何适应寄生环境,从而有助于对寄生虫病流行规律的认识,加深对寄生虫病精准防控的理解。随着分子生物学的发展,DNA条形码、简单序列重复、单核苷酸多态性标记等分子标记已被广泛应用于研究寄生虫个体间及群体间的遗传关系,揭示寄生虫种群的遗传变异、物种的起源进化等。本文对目前常用的三类分子标记在医学蠕虫遗传多态性研究中的应用进行系统综述,以期为相关研究奠定基础。     

A first report of Mesocestoides (cyclophyllidea:Mesocestoidae)in China

ＡｆｉｒｓｔｒｅｐｏｒｔｏｆＭｅｓｏｃｅｓｔｏｉｄｅｓ（ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｙｌｌｉｄｅａ：Ｍｅｓｏｃｅｓｔｏｉｄａｅ）ｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ＱｕａｎＦｕｓｈｉ；ＪｉａｎｇＴａｉｊｉｎｇ；ＣｕｉＣｈｕｎｑｕａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰａｒａｓｉｔｏｌｏｇｙ，...     

Pharmacotherapy of helminth infection

Background: In the first decade of the 21st century, worm infections are still very common, especially – but not exclusively – in the developing world. Objective: To review the current pharmacotherapy of the major trematode, cestode and nematode infections of humans. Methods: A systematic search of the Cochrane Databank of Controlled Trials and PubMed with MeSH terms (anthelmint^* or treatment or therapy) and (cestoda or trematoda or nematoda or specific helminth species or specific medication). Further references were obtained from article biobliographies. Results: Three hundred and twenty-six publications were selected for further review. Conclusion: Albendazole, praziquantel and ivermectin are the most important anthelmintics available, easy to use and active against most helminths. Diethylcarbamazine is used in loasis and lymphatic filariasis. Doxycycline can eliminate endosymbiotic bacteria of certain filariae, but its place in therapy needs to be further defined. In the treatment of cystic hydatid disease, a better, non-caustic protoscolicidal drug would diminish the complication rate of current puncture–aspiration–injection–reaspiration treatment. The reliance on so few drugs creates a dangerous situation for development of resistance. Triclabendazole is a welcome addition for fascioliasis. Tribendimidine, artemisinine derivatives and nitazoxanide are promising products, but their therapeutic place needs to be further defined.