树鼩中脑腹侧被盖区向尾状核的DOPA能和AChE阳性纤维投射研究

应用荧光逆行标记分别与荧光组化(FAGLU)和AChE-药理组化相结合技术,研究了树鼩中脑腹侧被盖区向尾状核头部的DOPA能和ACHE-阳性纤维投射。结果表明:树鼩中脑腹侧被盖区除分别向同侧和对侧尾状核头部发出DOPA能纤维投射外,还向同侧尾状核头部发出AChE阳性投村纤维;此外,腹侧被盖区存在着向双侧尾核头部发出分叉投射纤维的DOPA能细胞。     

Experimental Biology 1997 Symposium on Neurobiology of Thermoregulation: Role of Stress: THERMOREGULATORY CHANGES BY HYPOXIA: LESSONS FROM THE PARAMECIUM

1. In organisms ranging from paramecia to mammals, hypoxia elicits a regulated decrease in body temperature (Tb). A decrease in Tb is an important adaptation to hypoxia primarily because it lowers metabolic rate when oxygen supply is limited, thus facilitating survival. 2. Although this beneficial response is extremely widespread among taxa, little is known of the cellular mechanisms that mediate hypoxia-induced decreases in Tb. This is due, in large part, to the extreme complexity of vertebrate thermoregulatory systems. 3. The thermoregulatory system of the unicellular paramecium is much simpler than that of vertebrates, yet it responds similarly to hypoxia. Research has explored the functional importance of hypoxia-induced decreases in Th. In addition, a number of possible mediators and signalling pathways in hypoxia-induced reductions in Tb have been assessed. 4. In Paramecium caudatum, hypoxia appears to exert its thermoregulatory effects by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Decreases in intracellular [ATP] and pH may be important intermediate signals. In addition, an endogenous opioid system appears to help mediate hypoxia-induced changes in thermoregulatory behaviour.     

Analgesic,anti-inflammatory,and antipyretic activities of the ethanol extract from Desmodium caudatum

Context: In folk medicine in China, Desmodium caudatum (Thunb.) DC (Leguminosae) has been used to treat febrile diseases, rheumatic arthritis, and bacillary dysentery; nevertheless, there have been no reports on the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of this plant in animals.

Objective: To investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities of D. caudatum extract (DCE) in animals.

Materials and methods: The analgesic effect of DCE was measured in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot-plate test. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the dimethylbenzene-induced mouse inflammation model. The antipyretic effect was estimated using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat fever model. In addition, the acute oral toxicity of DCE was studied.

Results: DCE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the writhing responses in mice, increased reaction time in mice in the hot-plate test, reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and the dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in mice, and attenuated LPS-induced fever in rats. Furthermore, no death was observed when mice were orally administered DCE up to 40?g/kg.

Discussion and conclusion: DCE possesses evident analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities, and has a favorable safety, which supports the use of D. caudatum as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug in folk medicine.     

虎眼万年青的化学成分

目的：研究栽培于长白山区的虎眼万年青Ornithogalum caudatum Ait全草的化学成分。 方法：用各种色谱技术进行分离和纯化,用ESIMS,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,DEPT,¹H-¹H COSY, ¹H-¹³C COSY, HMBC和NOESY等波谱数据分析鉴定结构。结果：从虎眼万年青全草中分离得到3个化合物,其中化合物I为新化合物,其结构鉴定为（25S, 23S, 24S）-螺甾-Δ⁵⁽⁶⁾-烯-1β, 3β,23,24-四醇-1-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→2） ［β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)］-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(I),另外2个已知化合物为海柯皂苷元-3-O-{β- D-吡喃葡糖基（1→2）-［β-D-吡喃木糖基（1→3）］-β-D-吡喃葡糖基（1→4）-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷}(II)和β-谷甾醇(III)。结论：化合物I为新化合物,命名为虎眼万年青苷A,化合物II和III是首次从该植物中分得的已知化合物。     

虎眼万年青多糖含量的研究

目的：研究虎眼万年青多糖含量测定方法。方法：采用比色法,用紫外分光光度计测定虎眼万年青多糖的含量。结果：虎眼万年青多糖的线性范围是0．4083～0．8166mg,重复性含量为8．5％,RSD=0．7％（n=6）;平均回收率为97．4％,RSD=1．1％（n=6）;精密度RSD=0．1％（n=6）;45min内样品吸光度较稳定,在24h样品稳定。结论：通过对虎眼万年青多糖含量的研究,确定了虎眼万年青多糖含量的测定方法。     

小槐花的化学成分研究

目的:系统研究中药小槐花中的化学成分。方法:利用大孔树脂,Sephadex LH-20,ODS及正相硅胶柱等色谱手段进行分离,通过多种波谱学数据分析进行化合物的结构鉴定。结果:从小槐花60%乙醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,经结构鉴定分别为豆甾醇(1),β-谷甾醇(2),柠檬酚(3),黄槿酮A(4),异柠檬酚(5),kenusanone I(6),neophellamuretin(7),清酒缸酚(8),古柯三醇(9),黄槿酮D(10),山柰酚(11),8-prenylquercetin(12),leachianone G(13),5,7,4’-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇(14),4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-,(2R-trans)-(9CI)(15)。结论:除化合物8外,所有化合物均为从该种植物中首次分离得到。     

虎眼万年青多糖的分离纯化和抗肿瘤活性研究

 目的 从虎眼万年青中提取、分离水溶性多糖,初步研究其特征和抗肿瘤活性。方法 采用热水提取,乙醇沉淀,Sevag法脱蛋白,DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换柱色谱和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤柱色谱分离纯化,得到虎眼万年青均一多糖OCAP-2-2。毛细管区带电泳法（CZE）分析单糖组成;采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定多糖纯度和相对分子质量;动物移植性实体瘤的瘤重实验法研究对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑瘤作用,采用细胞体外培养技术,MTT法检测对人白血病细胞株K562细胞的增殖抑制作用。结果 经过分离纯化得到的均一多糖组分OCAP-2-2主要由葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖等4种单糖组成,其相对分子质量之比为2.16∶1.26：0.88∶1.00,平均相对分子质量9.84×104,总糖含量为92.3%,总糖醛酸含量为6.21%,蛋白质含量为3.68%;在0.1～100 μg·mL-1内与荷瘤对照组相比,OCAP-2-2对小鼠S180肉瘤有显著的抑制活性,其中多糖浓度为100 μg·mL-1时抑瘤率达（53.16±4.23）% (P＜0.001）;OCAP-2-2对K562细胞有明显的增殖抑制作用（P＜0.01）,在多糖浓度为0.10 μg·mL-1时,增殖抑制率最高为（39.83±7.31）% (P＜0.01）。结论 OCAP-2-2具有很高的抗肿瘤活性,可以探索作为一种潜在的天然抗肿瘤药物。     

虎眼万年青球茎中的化学成分

从虎眼万年青(Ornithogalum caudatum)的球茎中,用色谱方法分离得到1个新天然产物1和26个已知化合物2-27,它们的结构经波谱法和化学方法确定为,n-butyl pyroglumate(1),十九醇(2),二十醇(3),二十二烷酸(4),β-谷甾醇(5),豆甾醇(6),二十六烷酸1-甘油酯(7),儿茶酚(8),对乙氧基苯甲酸(9),P-香豆酸(10),原儿茶酸(11),熊果酸(12),白桦脂酸(13),富马酸(14),琥珀酸(15),尿嘧啶(16),黄嘌呤(17),槲皮素(18),山奈酚(19),异鼠李素(20),腺嘌呤核苷(21),胡萝卜甙(22),豆甾醇3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(23),槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(24),山柰酚3-0一肛D一葡萄糖甙(2-5),芦丁(26),山奈酚3-O-β-D-芸香糖甙(27)。其中除化合物5外,其它成分均首次从虎眼万年青属植物中分离得到。     

基于HPLC结合化学计量学的壮瑶药小槐花指纹图谱研究

目的 建立基于HPLC结合化学计量学的壮瑶药小槐花指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供科学的评价方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为ZORBAX SB-C₁₈（5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm）,检测波长为330 nm,以甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,通过中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价结合聚类分析和主成分分析对10批次小槐花样品进行研究。结果 建立了小槐花HPLC指纹图谱,标定出13个共有峰,指纹图谱相似度均在0.9以上,聚类分析将小槐花样品大致分为4类,与主成分分析结果基本一致,影响药材质量差异是多成分协同作用的结果。结论 将小槐花指纹图谱采用HPLC结合化学计量学进行分析,方法专属性强,精密度、稳定性及重现性良好,可作为小槐花质量评价和控制的有效方法。      

虎眼万年青的致畸试验研究

目的探讨虎眼万年青对大鼠的致畸作用。方法用大鼠进行致畸胎试验,将动物分成5组:阴性对照组(蒸馏水)、虎眼万年青低剂量组(2.5 g/kg)、中剂量组(3.3 g/kg)、高剂量组(4.1 g/kg)和阳性对照组(维生素A),分别在妊娠的7～16 d灌胃给予。妊娠期间记录孕鼠体重,于妊娠第20天断头处死孕鼠,记录着床数、活胎数、死胎数和吸收胎数;检查胎鼠外观、内脏和骨骼,并称胎鼠体重,量体长。结果阳性对照组,活胎率为90.7%,与对照组(99.3%)比较明显降低(P0.05);迟死胎率和吸收胎率分别为1.3%、7.9%,与对照组比较明显增高(P0.05)。4.1、3.3、2.5 g/kg剂量组的孕鼠和胎鼠的各项毒效应观察指标与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在该实验剂量与条件下,虎眼万年青对孕鼠生长和胚胎发育无不良影响和致畸作用。