The Beneficial Effect of Cinnamon and Red Capsicum Intake on Postprandial Changes in Plasma Metabolites Evoked by a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Men with Overweight/Obesity

The relationship of high-carbohydrate (HC) meal intake to metabolic syndrome is still not fully explained. Metabolomics has the potential to indicate metabolic pathways altered by HC meals, which may improve our knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which HC meals may contribute to metabolic syndrome development. The fasting and postprandial metabolic response to HC or normo-carbohydrate (NC) meals with/without cinnamon + capsicum intake was evaluated using untargeted metabolomics and compared between normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) healthy men. Healthy male participants (age-matched) were divided into two groups (12 subjects per group). One was composed of men with normal weight (NW) and the other of men with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). On separate visits (with 2–3 week intervals), the participants received standardized HC or NC meals (89% or 45% carbohydrates, respectively). Fasting (0 min) and postprandial (30, 60, 120, 180 min) blood were collected for untargeted plasma metabolomics. Based on each metabolic feature’s intensity change in time, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Obtained AUCs were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Several metabolic pathways were found dysregulated after an HC meal in people from the OW/OB group but not the NW group. The consumption of HC meals by people with overweight/obesity led to a substantial increase in AUC, mainly for metabolites belonging to phospholipids and fatty acid amides. The opposite was observed for selected sphingolipids. The intake of cinnamon and capsicum normalized the concentration of selected altered metabolites induced by the intake of HC meals. A HC meal may induce an unfavourable postprandial metabolic response in individuals with overweight/obesity, and such persons should avoid HC meals.     

The pathology of lethal exposure to the Riot Control Agents: Towards a forensics-based methodology for determining misuse

The aim of this is to review deaths associated with the use of Riot Control Agents (RCAs) and to assess how the presenting pathologies is such cases may better inform cause of death conclusions upon autopsy. We also sought to present which additional steps should be added to the Minnesota protocol and the European harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules in suspected cases of deaths associated with the use of RCAs.We included 10 lethal cases in our study. In three cases, RCAs were found to be the sole cause of death, in three cases RCAs were ruled a secondary cause of death due asphyxia or asthma subsequent to exposure to RCAs and in four cases RCAs were contributory factors to death. In three cases the responsible agents were identified as Chloroacetophenone (CN), Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) and Oleoresin capsicum (OC) and in the remaining 7 cases, the agent was OC alone.As there are no specific findings in suspected cases of death associated with RCA use, establishing cause of death and whether RCAs are the sole cause or only a contributory factor will be based on the elimination of other possible causes of death. For this reason, a specifically structured autopsy is essential. This specifically structured autopsy should contain basic principles of the Minnesota Protocol and the European harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules with the following additional steps taken: examination of clothing, eyes, and skin; examination of pharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and eusophegeal mucosas; and a thorough recording of the steps taken by the party conducting the arrest, including other possible causes of in-custody death, as well as a detailed medical history of the deceased.     

新疆辣椒粕在畜牧养殖业的应用分析及前景展望

本文主要从新疆辣椒的种植和产量情况,新疆辣椒粕的生产来源、营养价值、主要生产厂家以及在畜禽养殖、新疆畜牧生产中的应用分析及前景展望等方面进行了阐述和分析,以期能为新疆畜牧业中合理利用新型饲料资源辣椒粕提供思路。     

转基因食品安全性检验的核酸检测技术研究

以国际市场上转基因食品的主流产品转基因大豆及玉米和我国生产的转基因辣椒为材料 ,以PCR方法为基础 ,研究适用于转基因食品安全性检验的核酸检测技术。针对抗除草剂 (孟山都公司 )GM 大豆 ,转Bt 176玉米 (Novartis Ciba Geigy公司 )及转抗菌肽辣椒 (华农 )产品的插入基因及调控序列设计不同引物进行PCR检测。建立了转基因大豆、玉米、辣椒的鉴别和相关标记基因、目的基因检测的技术 ,该方法简便快速 ,检测结果与标准及申报材料相符。     

Evaluation of oleoresin capsicum of Capsicum frutescenes var. Nagahari containing various percentages of capsaicinoids following inhalation as an active ingredient for tear gas munitions

Comparative efficacy as peripheral sensory irritant, oral and inhalation exposure studies were carried out on oleoresin capsicum (OC) of Capsicum frutescence var. Nagahari containing various percentages of capsaicinoids and two synthetic isomers of capsaicin in Swiss albino male mouse model to come up with a suitable active ingredient from natural source for tear gas munitions. The compounds screened were OC having varying percentages of capsaicinoids (20, 40 and 80%, respectively) and synthetic isomers (E and Z) of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide). Mice were exposed to pyrotechnically generated smoke of the compounds in an all glass static exposure chamber for 15?min to determine acute inhalation toxicity (LC₅₀) and quantitative sensory irritation potential (RD₅₀). Acute oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was also evaluated. Safety index of tear gas (SITG), a ratio of lethal concentration 50% (LC₅₀) and the concentration which depresses respiration by 50% (RD₅₀) due to peripheral sensory irritation is also proposed. The compound having highest SITG is considered as the most suitable to be used for tear gas munitions. The study revealed that oleoresin capsicum containing 40% capsaicinoids had the highest SITG among the compounds studied. The oral dosage versus mortality pattern of some compoundsdid not follow a true dose–response curve (DRC); however, following inhalation, all the compounds followed DRC. It was concluded that oleoresin capsicum (40% capsaicinoids) may be considered as the most suitable and environmental friendly compound from natural source to be used as an active ingredient for tear gas munitions.     

六种辛辣食品的营养保健价值

介绍了六种辛辣食品(辣椒、生姜、大蒜、洋葱、花椒和胡椒)的营养特点。分别阐述了六种辛辣食品的营养成分和对人体的营养保健价值。     

转抗菌肽基因辣椒蛋白质检测技术研究

以转抗菌肽BD基因辣椒为材料 ,研究建立转基因食品中外源目的蛋白的检测技术 ,并建立对其忠实表达状况和安全性进行评价的模式。以柞蚕蛹免疫血淋巴作为标准 ,对照检测转抗菌肽辣椒目的蛋白表达的忠实性 ,采用针对转基因食品技术特点而预先设计的技术路线进行分析检测。研究和检测步骤为 :目的蛋白经粗提 ,达到初步纯化。再用两次CM Sepharose FF离子交换柱层析进行中度纯化。纯化产物通过测定抗菌活性、电泳及生物自显影、质谱进行鉴定。系统的检测结果表明 ,以抗菌肽目的基因构建的重组体在导入辣椒后 ,所表达的外源目的蛋白与对照标准蛋白的理化性质、抗菌活性、分子量一致 ,说明在该转基因辣椒中抗菌肽目的基因的表达是忠实的 ,与期望值相符。本研究建立了目的蛋白抗菌肽D的分离纯化及鉴定技术 ,建立了转基因辣椒外源目的蛋白的鉴定方法。方法简便快捷可行     

辣椒煎液对大鼠胃粘膜的影响

25％以下本地辣椒煎液对0.6mol/L HCl溶液所致胃粘膜急性病变具有细胞保护作用,轻微减少胃壁结合粘液,如果先皮注消炎痛,这种粘膜保护作用就受到抑制。25％以上辣椒煎液能使0.6mlo/L HCl所致的胃粘膜损伤加重,当结扎胃左动脉主干时更加明显,PGE_2及胃壁结合粘液也明显减少。胃粘膜病变发生过程中,辣椒煎液的浓度高低对胃酸分泌及胃蛋白酶活性的影响不大。认为辣椒煎液主要通过增加PGE_2对胃粘膜起保护作用。PGE_2含量和胃壁结合粘液显著减少是促使胃粘膜发生病变的主要因素。实验结果提示,长期大剂量食用辣椒者,如并有胃酸分泌过多等因素,可使胃粘膜屏障低下,导致慢性胃疾病。