托槽技术对儿童上前恒牙完全脱位再植牙的固定作用

目的:探讨方丝弓托槽技术在牙再植术中的固定效果。方法:对31颗(23例)完全脱位的上前恒牙用抗生素溶液浸泡和清洁处理,同时对牙槽窝作预备后立即实施牙再植后用方丝弓托槽技术进行固定。结果:经18个月至24个月随访,显效率71%(22颗牙),有效率23%(7颗牙)。结论:方丝弓托槽技术可作为儿童上前恒牙完全脱位的可靠固定方法。     

被动自锁托槽在固定正畸治疗中的应用

目的 通过比较被动自锁托槽与传统结扎托槽在非拔牙固定矫治的差异,来评估被动自锁托槽在固定正畸治疗中应用价值.方法 从已有病例中选取患者40例,其中Damon Q自锁托槽组20例,传统托槽组20例.比较两组患者治疗过程中及治疗前后牙周相关指数的变化、治疗前后扩弓效果,以及两组患者每组平均矫治疗程、平均就诊次数、每次复诊医...     

Experimental study of brackets adhesion with a novel enamel-protective material compared with conventional etching

IntroductionA reliable adhesion between fixed devices and dental surfaces is a key factor for the clinical success of any orthodontic treatment. Adhesion preparation is associated with damages related to abrasive cleaning, enamel structure defacing caused by etching, enamel loss when removing resin remnants at orthodontic treatment finishing stage or when conditioning surface for adhesive failure and fractures at bracket removal.AimThe objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets to enamel adhered with a novel non-damaging and remineralizing material for enamel versus the traditional 37% phosphoric acid etching.Material and methods75 Premolars collected from 15- to 40-years old healthy donors requiring extraction were collected. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 25). One group was used for the experimental new method (EX), the second for the conventional phosphoric acid etching (PA) method and the third group was left without any treatment (NT). The metallic brackets were fixed with Transbond® XT adhesive and composite resin polymerized for 40 s with a halogen photocuring lamp. The shear bond strength was quantified by means of a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed and a load cell of 1 kN.Statistical analysis usedTests of normality, adjustment of the data to a root square, a one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed.ResultsStatistically significant differences between the NT (1.4 MPa), PA (32.1 MPa) and EX (9.7 MPa) groups were observed.ConclusionsThe experimental material for conditioning human enamel induces calcium phosphates crystals on the enamel surface and improves the bond strength in comparison to the NT group.     

选择性激光熔化技术在口腔医学中的应用

选择性激光熔化（Selective laser melting,SLM）技术是一种快速成型技术,它以其制作方便、快捷、产品组织结构密度高、精度高、避免传统加工方式原材料浪费等优点,被逐渐运用于各个行业。然而,在口腔医学中的应用还报道较少,主要集中在冠桥修复、可摘局部义齿支架、骨替代物及生物植片等方面。本文介绍了SLM技术的原理,分类以及在口腔医学中的应用特点和前景。     

The effect of two different bracket types on the salivary levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in the early phase of orthodontic treatment

Objective:To determine the difference in the levels of Streptococcus mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva in orthodontic patients with different bracket types (stainless steel and esthetic brackets) using polymerase chain reaction and cultivation method.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients, aged 13 to 30 years, were selected following these criteria: 1) orthodontic treatment indication, 2) systemic health, and 3) no tobacco and antibiotic consummation for three months prior to the commencement of the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the bracket type; 16 patients formed the conventional bracket group (stainless steel brackets), and 16 patients formed the esthetic bracket group (plastic brackets). The levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated whole saliva samples were collected prior to fixed orthodontic appliance placement (T1) and 12 weeks after placement (T2), as were the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:Statistical analysis (chi-square test) showed no difference in S mutans and S sobrinus counts among patients with different brackets at either T1 or T2. There was no difference in total bacteria counts after fixed orthodontic appliance placement.Conclusion:The number of colony-forming units of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva samples does not seem to be significantly different between patients with stainless steel brackets and patients with plastic brackets.     

Effects of different bleaching methods on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different bleaching methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Materials and Methods:Forty-five freshly extracted premolars were randomly divided into three groups (n  =  15 per group). In group I, bleaching was performed with the office bleaching method. In group II, bleaching was performed with the home bleaching method. Group III served as the control. Orthodontic brackets were bonded with a light cure composite resin and cured with an LED light. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets were tested with a Universal testing machine.Results:Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between groups (P < .001). The highest values for SBS were measured in group III (20.99 ± 2.32 MPa). The SBS was significantly lower in groups I and II than in group III (P < .001). The lowest values for SBS were measured in group II (6.42 ± 0.81 MPa). SBS was significantly higher in group I than in group II (P < .001).Conclusions:Both of the bleaching methods significantly affected the SBS of orthodontic brackets on human enamel. Bleaching with the home bleaching method affected SBS more adversely than did bleaching with the office bleaching method.     

An ex vivo assessment of gingivally offset lower premolar brackets

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the force to failure of standard premolar brackets to that of gingivally offset brackets and evaluate the site of bond failure between the two bracket types through the use of the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).

Design: An ex vivo study.

Setting: Dental Materials Science Laboratory, Dundee Dental School, Dundee.

Materials and methods: Forty extracted lower premolar teeth (caries free, extracted as part of orthodontic treatment, all donors living in a non-fluoridated area), divided into two equal size sample groups, as follows: Group 1: Victory Series^? (3M Unitek, Monrovia CA, USA) lower premolar brackets bonded to buccal surfaces with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia CA). Group 2: Victory Series^? Gingivally Offset Bicuspid Brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia CA) bonded to buccal surfaces with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia CA). Force was applied in the occluso-gingival direction using an Instron Model 4469 Universal Testing Machine (Instron Ltd, High Wycombe, UK) operating at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min and its value at failure determined. Following debond, the site of bond failure and ARI were recorded.

Outcome: Force to failure, site of bond failure and adhesive remnant index.

Results: The Weibull analysis gave higher values for the force to failure at 5% level (200 v. 159 N) and at all other levels of probability of failure for the gingivally offset bracket. The non-parametric survival analysis using Gehan–Wilcoxon tests with Breslow’s algorithm (p < 0.0001) showed significant difference in force to failure between bracket types. Chi-square tests showed no significant (p = 0.55) relationship between the site of bond failure and the bracket types.

Conclusion: Ex vivo testing suggests that there is a significant difference in the force to failure between gingivally offset and standard lower premolar brackets when force application is from an occluso-gingival direction. The site of failure (as given by the ARI) is insensitive to bracket types and force to failure.     

Heat treatment following surface silanization in rebonded tribochemical silica-coated ceramic brackets: shear bond strength analysis

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning and the bond strength of rebonded alumina monocrystalline brackets.

Material and Methods

Sixty alumina monocrystalline brackets were randomly divided according to adhesive base surface treatments (n=20): Gc, no treatment (control); Gt, tribochemical silica coating + silane application; Gh, as per Gt + post-heat treatment (air flux at 100ºC for 60 s). Brackets were bonded to the enamel premolars surface with a light-polymerized resin and stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 100 days. Additionally, half the specimens of each group were thermocycled (6,000 cycles between 5-55ºC) (TC). The specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength (SBS) test using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Failure mode was assessed using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with the surface roughness (Ra) of the resin cement in the bracket using interference microscopy (IM). 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used to compare the data (p>0.05).

Results

The strategies used to treat the bracket surface had an effect on the SBS results (p=0.0), but thermocycling did not (p=0.6974). Considering the SBS results (MPa), Gh-TC and Gc showed the highest values (27.59±6.4 and 27.18±2.9) and Gt-TC showed the lowest (8.45±6.7). For the Ra parameter, ANOVA revealed that the aging method had an effect (p=0.0157) but the surface treatments did not (p=0.458). For the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups, Ra (µm) was 0.69±0.16 and 1.12±0.52, respectively. The most frequent failure mode exhibited was mixed failure involving the enamel-resin-bracket interfaces.

Conclusion

Regardless of the aging method, Gh promoted similar SBS results to Gc, suggesting that rebonded ceramic brackets are a more effective strategy.