Is the knowledge of contact force beneficial in pulmonary vein antrum isolation?

Objective: To investigate the effect of the operator knowing the real-time contact force (CF) on the efficacy of pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI).

Methods: Fifty patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) or short lasting persistent AF were randomized to CF guided PVAI (n?=?25) or conventional PVAI (n?=?25). In the CF guided group, CF between 10 and 40?g was aimed at. Efficacy of PVAI was measured as reduction in AF burden (AFB) and time to AF recurrence detected by implantable cardiac monitor (ICM), inserted three months before PVAI. Blanking period was three months and follow-up 12 months.

Results: All pulmonary veins were isolated in the CF guided group and all but one in the conventional group. Mean CF was 25?g in the CF guided group and 24?g in the conventional group (p?=?0.75). Compared to pre-ablation, median [IQR] relative reduction in AFB 3–12 months after ablation was 100 [99–100]% in the CF guided group (p?p?p?=?0.09). Nine patients (36%) had AF recurrence in the CF guided group and 13 (52%) in the conventional group (p?=?0.21, log-rank test). CF differed between operators. When adjusted for operator by regression analysis, patients without recurrent AF had lower proportion of ablation time with CF <10?g than recurrent patients (p?=?0.034). No complications occurred.

Conclusions: Operator knowledge of real-time CF had no significant effect on AFB reduction or time to AF recurrence. Larger trials should be done to study benefit of real-time CF.     

Motor mechanisms associated with slowing of the gastric emptying of a solid meal by an intraduodenal lipid infusion

The aim of this study was to define better the motor phenomena associated with the slowing of gastric emptying by a duodenal lipid infusion. Antral, pyloric and duodenal motility were recorded in 10 healthy subjects with a manometric assembly which incorporated multiple perfused side-holes and a sleeve sensor positioned astride the pylorus. The gastric emptying of a standard solid meal and the distribution of the ingesta between the proximal and distal stomach were monitored with a radionuclide technique. A triglyceride emulsion was infused into the duodenum for 45 min once 25% of the meal had emptied. The infusion caused significant slowing in the rate of gastric emptying (P less than 0.01). This slowing in gastric emptying was associated with the suppression of pressure waves in the distal antrum (P less than 0.01) and proximal duodenum (P less than 0.01), the induction of pressure waves isolated to a narrow pyloric segment (P less than 0.01), and a redistribution of ingesta from the distal to proximal stomach. These findings suggest that pressure waves isolated to the pylorus, changes in the intragastric distribution of ingested food, and changes in proximal duodenal motility may all act in concert with changes in antral motility to regulate the gastric emptying of solids.     

Xiangbinfang granules enhance gastric antrum motility via intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal in mice

BACKGROUND Interdigestive migrating motor complexes(MMC)produce periodic contractions in the gastrointestinal tract,but the exact mechanism of action still remains unclear.Intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC-IM)participate in gastrointestinal hormone and neuromodulation,but the correlation between ICCIM and MMC is also unclear.We found that xiangbinfang granules(XBF)mediated the phase III contraction of MMC.Here,the effects of XBF on gastric antrum motility in W/Wv mice and the effects of ICC-IM on gastric antrum MMC are reported.AIM To observe the effects of ICC-IM on gastric antrum motility and to establish the mechanism of XBF in promoting gastric antrum motility.METHODS The density of c-kit-positive ICC myenteric plexus(ICC-MP)and ICC-IM in the antral muscularis of W/Wv and wild-type(WT)mice was examined by confocal microscopy.The effects of XBF on gastric antrum slow waves in W/Wv and WT mice were recorded by intracellular amplification recording.Micro-strain-gauge force transducers were implanted into the gastric antrum to monitor the MMC and the effect of XBF on gastric antrum motility in conscious W/Wv and WT mice.RESULTS In the gastric antrum of W/Wv mice,c-kit immunoreactivity was significantly reduced,and no ICC-IM network was observed.Spontaneous rhythmic slow waves also appeared in the antrum of W/Wv mice,but the amplitude of the antrum slow wave decreased significantly in W/Wv mice(22.62±2.23 mV vs 2.92±0.52 mV,P<0.0001).MMCs were found in 7 of the 8 WT mice but no complete MMC cycle was found in W/Wv mice.The contractile frequency and amplitude index of the gastric antrum were significantly increased in conscious WT compared to W/Wv mice(frequency,3.53±0.18 cpm vs 1.28±0.12 cpm;amplitude index,23014.26±1798.65 mV·20 min vs 3782.16±407.13 mV·20 min;P<0.0001).XBF depolarized smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum in WT and W/Wv mice in a dose-dependent manner.Similarly,the gastric antrum motility in WT mice was significantly increased after treatment with XBF 5 mg(P<0.05).Atropine(0.1 mg/kg)blocked the enhancement of XBF in WT and W/Wv mice completely,while tetrodotoxin(0.05 mg/kg)partially inhibited the enhancement by XBF.CONCLUSION ICC-IM participates in the regulation of gastric antrum MMC in mice.XBF induces MMC III-like contractions that enhance gastric antrum motility via ICCIM in mice.     

CARTO系统指导下环肺静脉前庭电学隔离治疗心房颤动的初步探讨

目的总结三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下环肺静脉前庭电学隔离治疗心房颤动的临床意义。方法12例患者（其中阵发性房颤8例，持续性房颤4例）接收手术，阵发房颤采用Pappone术式，持续性房颤采用联合Pappone及Nademanee术式。术后随访5—18个月。结果所有患者均成功达到消融终点，1例患者复发房颤。结论三维标测系统指导下采用Pappone及Nademanee术式治疗房颤是安全可靠的。     

心房颤动时人的肺静脉前庭组织中T型钙离子通道的表达改变

目的研究正常窦律（SR）与心房颤动（AF）两组患者肺静脉前庭（PVA）组织中T型钙离子通道（T-type calcium channel,TTCC）α1G、α1H亚基mRNA及蛋白的表达差异。方法术中获取各组患者（SR=34,AF=38）少量肺静脉前庭组织标本,实时荧光定量RT-PCR对各组α1G及α1H亚基的mRNA丰度相对定量（2-ΔΔCt法）;蛋白免疫印迹法比较两种α1亚基蛋白表达水平;HE染色及免疫组化染色比较两种α1亚基蛋白在细胞中的分布表达。结果与SR组相比,AF组患者的肺静脉前庭组织中TTCC的α1H亚基的mRNA表达丰度及亚基蛋白的表达水平均明显升高,但α1G亚基在两组中的表达水平接近,H-E染色及免疫组织化学染色结果与前一结论符合,并证实α1G、α1H亚基蛋白定位于心肌细胞膜表面。结论 AF组对比SR组,其T型钙通道α1H亚基表达显著增加,而α1G亚基的表达水平两组间无明显差异。     

评估高龄不育妇女卵巢储备能力的指标

目的探讨血清抑制素B、窦卵泡数检测值在预测高龄不育妇女卵巢储备功能方面的临床价值。方法检测50例年轻健康人群中月经正常的育龄妇女及50例高龄不育妇女血清抑制素B值,采用（经阴道和腹部联合）超声检查方式对所有研究对象卵巢的体积、窦卵泡数、卵巢皮质血流情况进行测量,对卵巢储备功能进行监测。结果血清中抑制素B水平检测值正常妇女组为（71．12±29．23）pg／ml,高龄不育组为（13．67±9．23）pg／ml,统计学分析示两组间差异有统计学意义。正常组窦卵泡数〉15,高龄不育组〈10,两组比较亦有统计学意义。结论血清抑制素B水平是反映卵巢储备功能的直接指标,较FSH、E2和FSH／LH比值更早期、更敏感;对预测卵巢储备功能具有一定的临床价值。窦卵泡计数也是反映卵巢储备能力的一项重要指标。     

A型肉毒毒素对大鼠胃动力作用的研究

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTA)对大鼠胃动力的作用及其机制。方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组,对照组,BTA10U(小剂量)组、20U(中剂量)组、40U(大剂量)组。给药方法均为剖腹胃窦部肌层注射,观察12周,记录进食量及体重变化。12周末,测定胃半排空时间以评价BTA对胃动力的影响,再用免疫组化法测定胃窦部乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)的表达。结果①中、大剂量组大鼠进食量及体重较对照组明显减低(P<0.05);小剂量组进食量及体重在短时间内与对照组比较差别显著(P<0.05)。②12周末,小剂量组胃半排时间110.5±26.67min长于对照组86.83±22.98min,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中剂量组(161.67±23.53min)和大剂量组(200.33±44.37min)与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。③AChE在胃窦部肌间神经丛表达的IOD值分别为:中剂量组(72.44±18.43)、大剂量组(68.38±10.60),显著低于对照组(98.05±16.53),差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BTA通过抑制胆碱能神经末梢Ach的释放,引起胃动力降低,胃排空减慢,致大鼠进食减少,体重减轻。     

胃镜检查前抑酸疗法对胃癌诊断影响的回顾性研究

目的通过对临床病例的分析,研究抑酸疗法对胃癌首次胃镜检查诊断的干扰程度及相应对策。方法实验对象均为经胃镜与病理检查最终证实的胃癌患者,包括胃体腺癌与胃窦腺癌。根据首次电子胃镜检查前抑酸剂的使用情况,分为H2受体阻滞剂(H2RA)治疗组、质子泵抑制剂(PPI)治疗组及未经抑酸治疗的对照组,通过组间比较以探讨抑酸剂的使用与胃癌漏诊率之间的关系。按日本Borrmann分型标准,对各组胃癌的分型构成及漏诊病例的分型构成进行分析,试图找出漏诊的规律。结果H2受体阻滞剂治疗组的漏诊率:胃体腺癌为6.66%(5/75),胃窦腺癌为10.7%(9/84)。质子泵抑制剂治疗组相应的漏诊率为9.37%(6/64)和12.7%(13/102)。而未经抑酸治疗的对照组的相应漏诊率为1.36%(1/73)和2.63%(2/76)。胃体腺癌及胃窦腺癌经过抑酸疗法后,其首次内镜检查漏诊率均高于未经抑酸治疗的对照组,组间比较差异有显著性。通过Borrmann分型发现,漏诊患者均为早期胃癌Ⅱb型、Ⅱc型及进展期胃癌Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型。结论抑酸疗法作为消化系统疾病常用的治疗手段,在胃镜检查前的不恰当应用,对某些胃癌的及时诊断产生负面影响,致使部分患者漏诊,甚至延误治疗。