Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard. Extract in rodents

The dried (elaterium) or fresh juice from Ecballium elaterium fruit is used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in popular medicine. In this study the elaterium is examined for its analgesic and antipyretic effects in several animal models. The elaterium exhibits both analgesic and antipyretic activities.     

柴连口服液药理作用研究

柴连口服液对大鼠及家兔发热模型有明显退热作用；对急性渗出性炎症有显著抑制作用；对小鼠及豚鼠咳嗽反应有明显止咳作用。该口服液体内、体外抑菌作用明显，对副流感、流感病毒所致小鼠体内外感染有明显治疗作用     

Randomised comparative trial of the efficacy of paracetamol syrup and dispersible tablets for the treatment of fever in children

ObjectiveFever is the most common reason for the presentation of children in the outpatient department. Paracetamol is marketed in different formulations for ease of administration to the paediatric population. These include syrups, dispersible tablets and rectal inserts. Dispersible tablets disintegrate rapidly in liquid and are subsequently taken orally, providing another oral formulation. We determined if there is a difference in the antipyretic efficacy of the syrup and the dispersible formulation of paracetamol, thereby prompting the development of the latter (another oral formulation) for use in children.MethodsA randomised, controlled, double-blind intervention of a single dose of both formulations was given to febrile children, and their temperatures were documented twice in 30-minute intervals. Temperature changes were compared statistically.ResultsThe mean temperatures at recruitment were 38.2 ± 0.5°C and 38.3 ± 0.6°C for the dispersible and syrup group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the temperature changes at T2 (30 minutes) and T3 (60 minutes) between the two study arms. However, the temperature was significantly different at T1 (baseline), T2 and T3 within the dispersible and syrup groups.ConclusionThe decreasing trend in temperature was similar in both groups. Both preparations produced statistically similar antipyretic effects with no reported adverse drug reaction.     

银黄口服液联合头孢唑林钠治疗老年急性上呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的评价银黄口服液联合头孢唑林钠治疗老年急性上呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法选取2016年9月—2017年9月四川大学华西医院收治的161例老年急性上呼吸道感染患者,根据用药差别分成对照组(80例)和治疗组(81例)。对照组患者静脉滴注注射用头孢唑林钠,1.0 g注射用头孢唑林钠溶于250 mL生理盐水,2次/d。治疗组患者在对照组治疗基础上口服银黄口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗7 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组患者临床症状消失时间、症状评分、血清鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及白细胞百分比的情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是86.25%、96.30%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清SCC、hs-CRP及淋巴细胞百分比水平均较治疗前明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后治疗组SCC、hs-CRP及淋巴细胞百分比显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者退热时间、咽喉肿胀消退时间均明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者症状积分均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后治疗组症状积分显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论银黄口服液联合头孢唑林钠治疗老年急性上呼吸道感染具有较好的临床疗效,能显著改善患者临床症状,减轻患者炎症程度,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity of Certain Thiazolidinones

The thiazolidin-4-one derivatives and the corresponding spiro compounds were synthesized from sulphanilamide and were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in acute and sub acute models. Compounds were also evaluated for antipyretic and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity. All the compounds showed significant antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity at 100 mg/kg in all the models. The compounds B1, B2, B5, B6, and B8 showed maximum inhibition of COX-2 activity without inhibiting the COX-1 activity. The nimesulide was used as standard drug for comparison. The substitution at R, R₁ and R₂ with the functional groups Cl, OCH₃, NO₂ and OH in the aromatic ring resulted in increased activity as compared to unsubstituted thiazolidin-4-ones. However the substitution at R₃ with spiro group did not improve the activity. The study suggests that COX-2 binding site may not be a rigid structure but might adopt to various related molecules.     

小儿柴桂退热颗粒治疗小儿风寒感冒的临床分析

目的 分析小儿柴桂退热颗粒治疗小儿风寒感冒的临床疗效。方法 将2016年3月~2017年3月在我院儿科门诊患风寒感冒患儿88例进行研究,随机分为两组,各44例,对照组以小儿氨酚黄那敏颗粒治疗,观察组以小儿柴桂退热颗粒治疗,比较两组用药后咳嗽、咳痰、咽痛的治疗效果。结果 观察组咳嗽、咳痰、咽痛消失时间均短于对照组,治疗总有效率高于对照组,均存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不良反应仅对照组1例发生轻微恶心,不良反应发生率为2.27%。结论 小儿柴桂退热颗粒治疗小儿风寒感冒效果明显,可促使患儿临床症状尽早缓解,有助于减轻患儿痛苦,值得推广。     

Fever during anaesthesia

Fever occurs when pyrogenic stimulation activates thermal control centres. Fever is common during the perioperative period, but rare during anaesthesia. Although only a limited number of studies are available to explain how anaesthesia affects fever, general anaesthesia seems to inhibit fever by decreasing the thermoregulatory-response thresholds to cold. Opioids also inhibit fever; however, the effect is slightly less than that of general anaesthesia. In contrast, epidural anaesthesia does not affect fever. This suggests that hyperthermia, which is often associated with epidural infusions during labour or in the post-operative period, may be a true fever caused by inflammatory activation. Accordingly, this fever might be diminished in patients who receive opioids for pain treatment. Post-operative fever is a normal thermoregulatory response usually of non-infectious aetiology. Fever may be important in the host defence mechanisms and should not be routinely treated lest the associated risks exceed the benefits.     

含对乙酰氨基酚的感冒药及柴芩清宁胶囊对脂多糖和干酵母大鼠发热模型的解热作用研究

目的 研究含对乙酰氨基酚的西药对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及中成药柴芩清宁胶囊对脂多糖（LPS）及干酵母大鼠发热模型的解热作用。方法 制备大鼠100 μg/kg LPS及20%干酵母发热模型;乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片高、中、低剂量分别为205.67、102.83、51.42 mg/kg,以对乙酰氨基酚计;柴芩清宁胶囊高、中、低剂量分别为1110.60、555.30、277.65 mg/kg,以胶囊内容物质量表示,ig给药。观察大鼠体温变化,计算平均最大体温上升高度（△T）及体温反应指数（TRI）,绘制平均升温曲线。结果 对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及柴芩清宁胶囊各剂量组对LPS及干酵母大鼠发热模型均具有显著解热作用,且均存在一定剂量效应关系。结论 对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及柴芩清宁胶囊对LPS及干酵母大鼠发热模型均有一定解热作用,3种西药的解热作用起效快但是作用时间短,而柴芩清宁胶囊表现为起效慢但是作用时间长。     

麻黄附子细辛汤联合常规疗法治疗感染后咳嗽的临床研究

目的探讨麻黄附子细辛汤治疗感染后咳嗽的临床效果。方法选取漯河市郾城区惠生堂门诊部和河南省漯河市第三人民医院呼吸内科于2017年5月—2018年10月诊治的感染后咳嗽患者240例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组患者120例实施常规治疗(退热、吸氧、补液等),观察组患者120例联用麻黄附子细辛汤(紫苏子9 g,射干9 g,地龙9 g,炙麻黄6 g,细辛6 g)治疗,于治疗前后行生化指标(C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-4)检测和症状(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)评分,比较两组患者的症状(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)改善时间、临床效果(显效、有效、无效、总有效)、不良反应情况(恶心呕吐、头晕头痛、胃肠道反应)。结果两组治疗后C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-4、症状评分(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、白细胞介素-4、症状评分(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组症状改善时间(咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音)早于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率(99.2%,119/120)高于对照组(90.0%,108/120)(P<0.05)。结论麻黄附子细辛汤治疗感染后咳嗽的效果显著,可缩短治疗时间并改善病症,值得临床推广使用。     

原料配比对胆南星成分及药效影响

目的考察原料配比对胆南星成分和药效作用的影响。方法采用UPLC-MS/MS法及负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行不同原料配比的胆南星中鹅去氧胆酸、猪去氧胆酸、猪胆酸、牛磺鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺猪去氧胆酸、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸的含有量测定。胆南星甲醇溶液的分析采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱;体积流量0.25 mL/min;柱温45℃。药效学采用大鼠酵母致热实验、小鼠气管段酚红法和小鼠氨水引咳实验考察不同原料配比对胆南星药效作用影响。结果不同原料配比的胆南星中胆汁酸含有量差异明显,胆汁占原料比大于1∶1时,胆南星的解热、祛痰、止咳作用有统计学差异(P<0.05),胆汁占配比为1∶2时解热、祛痰作用较差(P>0.05)。结论胆汁比例对胆南星的成分和药效作用有显著影响,胆汁占原料比不应低于1∶1。