国产班布罗的平喘作用

目的　研究国产班布特罗的平喘作用。方法　采用豚鼠整体引喘法及兔肺溢流法。结果　班布特罗 (ig ,1 4、2 8、5 6mg·kg-1)同间羟叔丁肾上腺素作用相似 ,均具有平喘及松驰气管平滑肌的作用。结论　国产班布特罗具有明显的平喘作用     

Effect of Syringic acid on antioxidant biomarkers and associated inflammatory markers in mice model of asthma

Asthma is termed as the induction of chronic inflammation in the airway lumen of lungs due to accumulation of inflammatory cells which affects normal breathing process. Prolonged accumulation of inflammatory cells leads to oxidative stress and suppression of antioxidant activities. Therefore, in our present investigation, a potential phenolic compound, Syringic acid was tested for the suppression of inflammatory markers toward an antiasthmatic activity in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice model. As a result, the Syringic acid treatment was found to suppress the inflammatory cells; eosinophil, neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocyte, and other inflammatory markers including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α in the BALF of OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Similarly, IgE levels were significantly reduced in the blood serum of Syringic acid treated mice groups. In this context, the IFN-γ levels were found enhanced in the BALF of Syringic acid treated asthmatic mice groups, expressing an anti-inflammatory response. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GSH levels were found high in the Syringic acid treatment than the asthmatic control group, which depicts the antioxidant response of Syringic acid on asthmatic groups. Intriguingly, the ROS, NO₂, NO₃, and MDA levels were inhibited in the BALF of Syringic acid treated mice groups. The airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) was comparatively normal in the Syringic acid treatment as it was severe in the case of asthmatic control group. Consequently, the effect of Syringic acid is prominent in the treatment of asthma by controlling the accumulation of inflammatory cells, other inflammatory markers along with enhancement of antioxidant markers, suppression of ROS and controlling airway hyperreactivity. Hence, Syringic acid may be recommended for clinical trials in the treatment of asthma.     

白芥子提取物的镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用研究

目的 研究白芥子不同溶媒提取物的镇咳、祛痰、平喘药理作用。方法 浓氨水喷雾法、毛细玻管法、喷雾致喘法。结果 炒白芥子醇提取物有明显的镇咳作用;白芥子水提取物有良好的祛痰作用;炒白芥子石油醚提取物可显著对抗4％氯化乙酰胆碱诱导的豚鼠哮喘。结论 白芥子具有镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用。其镇咳成分极性偏小;祛痰成分极性偏大,水溶性大;平喘成分的极性小,脂溶性大。     

健脾宣肺防喘汤治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床观察

目的健脾宣肺防喘汤用于支气管哮喘急性发作先兆期,观察临床疗效及总IgE、EOS、IgA、IgG、IgM的变化情况,据随机对照原则将60例患者分为治疗组和对照组,比较治疗前后的症状体征以及血中IgE、EOS、IgA、IgM、IgG等。结果①两组患者治疗后症状体征均较治疗前有改善(P<0.05);②两组治疗后总IgE、EOS、IgA、IgM、IgG均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗组的改善优于对照组(P<0.05)结论健脾防喘汤可明显改善哮喘患者的临床症状与体征;改善患者的免疫状态进而缓解哮喘症状,可明显改善患儿体质,提高机体的免疫调节功能,从而降低小儿哮喘病急性重症发作的几率,提高治愈率,值得临床推广使用。     

Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review

The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于平喘生物效价的麻黄品质评价研究

目的研究37个不同产地麻黄平喘作用及其生物效价的差异。方法取豚鼠离体气管平滑肌建立平喘药效模型,按累积计量法于麦氏浴槽中加入不同质量浓度梯度(剂间距1:0.5)的麻黄水煎液,计算不同产地麻黄解痉率;按照《中国药典》2010年版二部附录XIV生物检定统计法项下"量反应平行线法"(2,2)法计算生物效价值;采用HPLC法测定麻黄药材中麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱的量;对不同产地麻黄生物效价值进行聚类分析。结果麻黄对磷酸组胺(His)引起的豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩有解痉作用,与麻黄对照药材相比,有20个产地的麻黄达显著水平(P0.05),麻黄解痉作用与给药质量浓度呈剂量依赖性,草麻黄与中麻黄种间解痉率无显著差异(P0.05);37个产地的麻黄药材与对照药材相比平喘效价值存在显著差异(P0.05、0.01),平喘效价值为22.35~489.04 U/g,可信限率(FL)13.15%~38.97%,效价相差近21.88倍,麻黄平喘生物效价与麻黄碱及伪麻黄碱总量之间相关不显著;采用聚类分析法能够将不同平喘生物效价值的麻黄区分开来,37份麻黄药材中有24份生物效价值高于对照药材,占麻黄样品总数的64.86%。结论平喘生物效价值可以定量评价不同产地麻黄的质量。     

湖北贝母、鄂北贝母、紫花鄂北贝母生物总碱对呼吸系统的药理作用

本文研究了湖北贝母、鄂北贝母、紫花鄂北贝母对呼吸系统的作用。发现三种贝母均有舒张离体气管平滑肌及镇咳的作用。其舒张支气管平滑肌作用以湖北贝母效果最佳(舒张率为96.52％),鄂北贝母次之(舒张率为58.34％),紫花鄂北贝母最弱(舒张率为29.42％)。镇咳作用相似。在豚鼠作组胺、乙酰胆碱混合液恒压喷雾引喘实验,湖北贝母及鄂北贝母有平喘作用,以湖北贝母平喘作用较为明显。鄂北贝母、紫花鄂北贝母有祛痰作用。     

小儿抗病毒颗粒药效学研究

目的 观察小儿抗病毒颗粒的解热祛痰、镇咳平喘作用。方法 采用干酵母致热造模法观察小儿抗病毒颗粒对大鼠的解热作用,给药剂量分别为4.18、2.09、1.05 g/kg,每天ig给药1次,连续3 d,末次给药后sc干酵母混合溶液,4～8 h后测大鼠体温。采用酚红比色法观察其对小鼠的祛痰作用,给药剂量分别为5.22、2.61、1.31 g /kg,每天ig给药2次,连续7 d,末次给药1 h后进行检测。采用氨水吸入引咳法观察其对小鼠的镇咳作用,给药剂量同祛痰实验,每天ig给药2次,连续3 d,观察潜伏期和咳嗽次数。采用雾化乙酰胆碱吸入引喘法进行豚鼠平喘试验,给药剂量分别为3.65、1.83、0.914 g /kg,每天给药2次,连续3 d,测定引喘潜伏期。结果 小儿抗病毒颗粒能使小鼠气管酚红的分泌量增加（P＜0.05）;显著抑制由干酵母引发的大鼠发热反应（P＜0.05）及小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期延长（P＜0.05）;使豚鼠哮喘潜伏期显著延长（P＜0.05）。结论 小儿抗病毒颗粒具有明显的解热祛痰、镇咳平喘作用。     

三脉紫菀有效组分配比的平喘作用及其毒性研究

目的：研究三脉紫菀抗慢支组分平喘作用的最佳配比及其毒性。方法合格豚鼠72只,体质量（300±20）g ,雄性,分为空白组、氨茶碱组（0．047 g／kg ）、三脉紫菀总皂苷与总黄酮不同配比组（8∶1、4∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、1∶8,0．38 g／kg ）。各组连续灌胃给药3 d ,每天1次,采用His‐Ach雾化引喘法通过诱咳引喘仪优选最佳配比;制备豚鼠离体气管环标本,采用Pow‐erlab生物信号采集系统,考察豚鼠平滑肌条在正常克氏液条件下加入氯化乙酰胆碱（Ach）后的收缩变化,以及其他组分别在Ach致平滑肌收缩最明显时,加入氨茶碱（1．25 mg／mL ）后的平滑肌舒张百分率。采用经典的小鼠急性毒性实验方法,考察三脉紫菀总皂苷、总黄酮及其1∶2配比的急性毒性。结果较之空白组,氨茶碱组、其他各给药组的致喘潜伏期延长显著（P＜0．05）,其中1∶1、1∶2、1∶4组与其他配比组均有显著差异（P＜0．05）,但又以1∶2组引喘潜伏期最长。氨茶碱组与各配比组均能明显松弛Ach导致收缩的豚鼠气管平滑肌,其中氨茶碱组舒张百分率最大（24．12±1．20）％,各配比组舒张百分率不及氨茶碱组（ P＜0．05）,但以1∶2组与之最接近。三脉紫菀总皂苷、总黄酮及其1∶2配比对小鼠的最大耐受量分别为300、345、325 g／kg。结论在给药总量恒定的情况下,三脉紫菀总皂苷与总黄酮1∶2平喘解痉作用明显,其总黄酮、总皂苷及1∶2配比的急性毒性实验未显示明显的毒性作用,安全性相对良好。     

用提取旋光法测定止喘合剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

本文用提取旋光法测定喘合剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量,排除了各种添加剂对其含量测定的干扰,炎止喘合剂研究了一个可行的质量标准。