Postoperative day one serum alanine amino-transferase does not predict patient morbidity and mortality after elective liver resection in non-cirrhotic patients

Serum aminotransferases have been used as sur-rogate markers for liver ischemia-reperfusion injury that fol-lows liver surgery. Some studies have suggested that rises in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) correlate with patient outcome after liver resection. We assessed whether postopera-tive day 1 (POD 1) ALT could be used to predict patient mor-bidity and mortality following liver resection. We reviewed our prospectively held database and included consecutive adult patients undergoing elective liver resection in our in-stitution between January 2013 and December 2014. Primary outcome assessed was correlation of POD 1 ALT with patient’s morbidity and mortality. We also assessed whether concurrent radiofrequency ablation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and use of the Pringle maneuver signiifcantly affected the level of POD 1 ALT. A total of 110 liver resections were included in the study. The overall in-hospital patient morbidity and mortality were 31.8% and 0.9%, respectively. The median level of POD 1 ALT was 275 IU/L. No correlation was found between POD 1 serum ALT levels and patient morbidity after elective liver resection, whilst correlation with mortality was not possible because of the low number of mortalities. Patients undergoing concur-rent radiofrequency ablation were noted to have an increased level of POD 1 serum ALT but not those given neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those in whom the Pringle maneuver was used. Our study demonstrates POD 1 serum ALT does not cor-relate with patient morbidity after elective liver resection.     

Plasmatic vitamin C in nontreated hepatitis C patients is negatively associated with aspartate aminotransferase

Objectives: To evaluate the possible relationship between aminotransferases levels and markers of oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis C patients. Design and methods: Patients without treatment for hepatitis were divided in to group I (15–39 U/L); group II (41–76 U/L) and group III (81–311 U/L) of activity alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Blood markers of oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive species (TBARS), nonprotein and protein thiol (NP‐SH and P‐SH) groups and vitamin C] were determined. Results: P‐SH and NP‐SH levels, TBARS, GPx and CAT were not different between groups. Vitamin C was significantly decreased in groups II (P=0.03) and III (P=0.001) when compared with group I and correlated negatively with aspartate aminotransferase (AST; r=?0.29, P=0.042). Conclusion: Vitamin C levels were negatively associated with AST, suggesting that vitamin C could be an additional indicator of hepatitis C severity.     

AST高于正常值上限2倍且大于ALT对AIDS合并青霉菌病的筛查价值

目的评价拟诊标准(血清AST水平高于正常值上限2倍且大于ALT)对AIDS合并马尔尼菲青霉菌病(penicilliosis marneffei,PSM)的筛查价值。方法对广西地区1045例疑似AIDS合并PSM的患者同时进行"金标准"(血、骨髓、组织培养或组织病理发现马尔尼菲青霉菌)及拟诊标准所需检查,评价拟诊标准对AIDS合并PSM的诊断价值。结果拟诊标准的灵敏度为45.79%、假阴性率42.11%、特异度90.64%、假阳性率9.36%、准确度82.49%、阳性似然比4.89、阴性似然比0.60、阳性预测值52.10%、阴性预测值88.27%。结论 AIDS患者如出现血清AST水平高于正常值上限2倍且大于ALT时,尚不能作为筛查PSM的常规指标,但应高度警惕PSM。     

北京地区汉族人群ALT、AST、GGT和LDH的参考区间研究

目的 建立北京地区汉族人群的ALT、AST、GGT和LDH的参考区间.方法 按照CLSI文件C28-P3《医学实验室参考区间的定义、建立和确认》中的要求,借鉴IFCC多中心酶学参考区间研究模式及参考人群筛选标准,于2009年筛选卫生部北京医院20～60岁健康体检者315名,其中男132名,女183名,用于上述各种酶参考区间的研究.使用酶学参考物质保证本次研究结果的准确性.上述4种酶的检测方法均能溯源到IFCC的参考测量程序,其中检测ALT和AST的试剂中加入磷酸吡哆醛.结果ALT、AST和GGT需要按性别划分参考区间,ALT参考区间:8.2～ 50.8 U/L(女),12.7 ～71.8 U/L(男);AST参考区间:15.0～36.7 U/L(女),16.6 ～51.1 U/L(男);GGT参考区间:9.0 ～ 37.3 U/L(女),12.0 ～ 50.9 U/L(男).LDH无需按性别分组,参考区间为127 ～ 224 U/L.结论 本研究建立了北京地区汉族人群4种酶的参考区间,其中ALT的参考上限高于同类研究.     

d-cycloserine lowers kynurenic acid formation—New mechanism of action

d-Cycloserine, known as a partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, exerts anticonvulsive activities and improves cognitive function. The present study evaluates the action of d-cycloserine with respect to the biosynthetic machinery of kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis e.g. the activity of enzymes synthesizing KYNA, kynurenine aminotransferases I, kynurenine aminotransferase II and kynurenine aminotransferase III (KAT I, KAT II and KAT III) in the rat liver and brain, and human frontal cortex in the presence of the anti-mycobacterial drug d-cycloserine, in an in vitro study. We found that d-cycloserine blocked dose-dependent and significantly KAT I, II and III activities in rat liver and brain homogenates. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of KYNA formation was observed in the frontal cortex homogenate of human post mortem tissue, as well. d-Cycloserine, at 63.7 µM concentration blocked significantly KAT II, I and III (53.2, 66.1 and 71.3% of control, P<0.001) activities in the human frontal cortex homogenate. Obtained data indicate that d-cycloserine exerts notable biochemical properties to block KYNA synthesis. Lowering of KYNA content due to d-cycloserine inhibition of KATs activities can free up more glycine sites for the actions of d-cycloserine. On the other site, it needs to be clarified, if the postulated mechanism for d-cycloserine to act as a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor could be mainly due to KAT's inhibition. We propose that this mechanism(s) might play a role in the improvement of memory, cognition and/or delusion in Alzheimer's, HIV-1 infected patients and schizophrenia patients.     

线粒体谷丙转氨酶的分离、纯化及其性质的研究

利用人胎肝脏为材料，通过匀浆、高速离心、凝胶层析等方法分离、纯化得到线粒体谷丙转氨酶，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实达到电泳纯，并对其理化性质进行了探讨。     

冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)围术期常规心肌酶学变化的分析

目的 研究冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)术后心肌酶学变化的特殊规律为临床治疗提供依据。方法 40例CABG患术前，术后0、4、16、28、40h，术后第3、4、5、7天晨静脉抽血，检测磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)，并按体外循环(ECC)与非体外循环(OPCAB)搭桥及CK-MB正常与否分组分析，引用CK／AST对比分析。结果 除了ALT外所有指标都有明显变化，这些心肌酶在术后16～40h基本都升到高峰，LDH变化最早，CK与AST次之；CK与AST恢复较快，体外循环下CABG与0PCAB造成的主要差别表现在术后16h到术后第2天，若按CK／AST分析则主要在16～28h；LDH最慢，尤其表现在体外循环组几乎整个住院观察期都处于升高水平，术后CK—MB升高组的CK值在术后16h到第2天可以高出CK-MB正常组2．5～3．0倍，同时CK／AST在此期间在两组中无明显差异，而在第3天开始出现CK-MB升高组显升高。结论 CK-MB在评价冠脉搭桥术后心肌损伤中的作用应该高度重视；CK、AST、LDH的升高一定根据其升高的幅度、临床表现、必要参考CK-MB来分析，CK、AST的同步大幅度升高要警惕；ECC下搭桥术酶学变化要注意排除心脏外因素，尤其是LDH。