线宽增量法及其在生物材料发射光谱分析中的应用

作者利用交流电弧和光栅摄谱仪组装了能够绘制谱线轮廓曲线和准确测定谱线宽度的记录仪,用线宽增量法对生物材料(拟血清)中的主要成分Ca和微量元素Cu进行了测定。与黑度法相比,本实验结果的线性好,误差小,再现性有所提高。这些结果表明,用上述仪器装置和线宽增量法进行生物材料含量分析优于黑度法。     

Downward deviation of progressive addition lenses in a myopia control trial

PURPOSE: To clarify how the downward deviation of progressive addition lenses (PALs) reduces their near-addition effect in schoolchildren participating in a myopia control trial. METHODS: Among 95 schoolchildren wearing PALs for 6 months (age range: 6-12 years; refractive error range: -6.00 to -1.25 D), facial images were captured with a digital still camera placed 60 cm in front of the eyes while he or she was looking ahead with natural head posture. The vertical deviations of PALs from their ideal position (mm) were evaluated by analysing these images. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) downward deviations of PALs for the right and left eyes were 3.7 +/- 2.3 and 3.7 +/- 2.0 mm, respectively, and the largest downward deviation was 10.2 mm. For simulations using the average downward deviation, the near-addition effect of PALs was reduced to 30 and 63% of the expected value at the 10 degrees and 20 degrees downward eye positions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The downward deviation of PALs is a significant factor in reducing their therapeutic effect for near-addition. To ensure the proper alignment of PALs in children, the conventional spectacle-frame-fitting procedure is not sufficient, and repeated confirmation using a testing method similar to that used in this study is required.     

金锁匙口服液药效学及毒性研究

通过对金锁匙口服液的药效学及毒性的研究表明：本品能明显抑制吗啡依赖性小白鼠停药后的跳跃反应，协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用，提高小鼠热板法痛阈值，抑制醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应，提示金锁匙口服液对吗啡类成瘾患者有一定的治疗作用，毒理研究表明；本品服用无药物依赖性、安全、无毒。     

Interactions of γ-immunoglobulins with lipid mono- or bilayers and liposomes. Existence of two conformations of γ-immunoglobulins of different hydrophobicities

Interactions between rabbit-γ-immunoglobulins and model membranes (lipid monalayers, planar lipid bilayers, liposomes) have been investigated. No significant interaction was observed with immunoglobulins. However, immunoglobulins dialysed first vs aqueous buffer having pH 2 or 3 and then dialysed against pH 7 buffer presumably adopt a new conformation which allows their bindings to model membranes. This binding is hydrophobic and the immunoglobulin region interacting with the lipid acyl chains is probably located in the heavy chain, as suggested by labelling in this region by a photosensitive probe previously incorporated into the lipid hydrophobic core. Cleavage at the hinge region by papain or pepsin, or heating above 38°C, induces the loss of the hydrophobic conformation responsible for hydrophobic bindings. The binding capacity of immunoglobulins heated above 38°C is restored after momentary dialysis at pH 2. The possible existence of two Ig isomers is discussed in relation to the mechanism of γ-immunoglobulin passage through the endoplasmic membrane and fixation into the plasma membrane.     

The Effect of End Group Modification on the Transparency of Vinyl Addition Norbornene Polymers at 193 nm

Summary: Homopolymers of a bis‐trifluorocarbinol substituted norbornene ( 1 ) (α,α‐bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2‐ethanol or HFANB) and copolymers of 1 with t‐butyl ester of 5‐carboxylic acid ( 2 , t‐BuEsNB) were produced using palladium catalysts and olefinic chain transfer agents such as 1‐hexene and ethylene to control molecular weight. However, these low‐molecular‐weight polymers exhibited relatively low optical transparencies at 193 nm. In fact, the opacity (measured as optical densities in absorbance units per micron) of thin films of these homo‐ and co‐polymers was inversely proportional to their molecular weight. This relationship is consistent with an end group contribution to the film opacity. Spectroscopic analysis of these polymers by ¹H NMR and MALDI‐TOF MS confirmed that 1‐hexene and ethylene chain transfer agents generated olefin‐terminated vinyl addition polymers. The olefinic end group contribution to optical density can be eliminated by appropriate chemical modification. Both epoxidation and hydrogenation of the polymer olefinic end groups generated very low optical density materials, independent of molecular weight, that are suitable as 193‐nm photoresist binder resins.

End group modification of vinyl and hexenyl‐terminated homopolymers of 1 by epoxidation or hydrogenation.     

Michael Addition Polymerizations of Trifunctional Amines with Divinyl Sulfone

Summary: The mechanisms of the Michael addition polymerization of N‐aminoethyl piperazine (AEPZ) with divinyl sulfone (DVS) were clarified based on the reactivity sequence of three different amines in AEPZ: 2° amine in piperazine ring > 1° amine ≫ 2° amine formed in situ. When the feed molar ratio of DVS to AEPZ was 1:1, the polymerization of AB intermediate formed proceeded, and the linear poly(sulfone amine) containing secondary and tertiary amines in the backbones were produced. The linear structure of the product was confirmed by NMR spectra, and the molecular weights, molecular weight distribution, and properties of poly(sulfone amine)s were characterized by GPC, DSC, and TGA.

Polymerization of linear poly(DVS‐AEPZ).     

Combinedin vitro effect of marijuana and retrovirus on the activity of mouse natural killer cells

Both marijuana and retroviruses impair natural killer (NK) cell functions, but no data on their simulataneous effects are available. Similarities to human AIDS induced by Friend leukemia complex (FLO and its helper Rowson-Parr virus (RPV) provides a mouse model to study drug-virus action. Leukemia susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice were infected, then at time intervals their nylon wool-separated splenocytes were exposed to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for 3h. Natural killer cell activity against Yac-1 cells was assayed by 51Cr-release for 4 and 18h. Recovery of splenocytes was found to be suppressed by FLC, but in BALB/c only by RPV. After a transient enhancement in C57BL/6 by FLC, NK cell activity of both mice became suppressed early (2 to 4 days), normalized subsequently and enhanced late (11 to 14 days) postinfection. A moderate increase in BALB/c, no change in C57BL/6 were induced by low (1-2.5 g/ml) THC doses. NK cell activity of BALB/c became suppressed exponentially by higher (5-10 g/ ml) THC doses in 18h as compared to 4h assays, while its proportional and moderate impairment was seen in C57BL/6. The magnitude of NK cell activity of infected mice was determined by THC: enhancement or impairment followed those of untreated, infected counterparts on the level of THC-treated cells. Low doses hardly, high doses additively influenced NK cells of infected BALB/c. THC slightly affected very early and late enhancement in NK cell activity of FLC infected C57BL/6, but augmented RPV induced suppression late in 18h assays. Genetic factors similar to endotoxin resistance, altered cytokine profile might determine these effects. Similar phenomena in humans might result in earlier manifestation of AIDS.     

穿心莲内酯硝甲基衍生物的合成

目的合成穿心莲内酯硝甲基衍生物.方法利用Michael加成反应机理,将硝甲基基团引入到穿心莲内酯的分子结构中,再对其进行一系列的酯化反应.结果合成了16个新的穿心莲内酯硝甲基衍生物,这些新化合物的分子结构经核磁共振谱、质谱等数据确证.结论化合物Ⅰ1～Ⅰ16显示出不同的抗肿瘤活性.     

比马前列素用于睫毛增长的安全风险探讨

目的 探讨比马前列素用于睫毛增长的安全风险。方法 针对比马前列素的理化性质、药理作用和药动学、临床应用、不良反应、化妆品监管政策等方面进行梳理分析，为监管工作提供理论依据。结果 比马前列素是一种人工合成的前列腺素类似物——前列腺素F_2α类似物，可以有效降低眼压和促进毛发增长。其消除半衰期为45 min，主要通过尿液排泄。FDA孕期评级为C级，可能对胎儿有不利影响；上市后不良反应主要包括眼睛充血、眼睑红斑、眼刺激等，其安全性有必要进行进一步评估；不符合中国化妆品的定义和规定的功效宣称，欧盟和加拿大禁止比马前列素等药物成分用于化妆品，美国将其作为药品管理。结论 为了保证化妆品质量安全，规范和促进行业健康发展，建议中国监管部门跟踪关注比马前列素等前列腺素类似物的使用安全性，必要时调整管理措施。     

公立医院增设药事服务费的研究综述

新一轮医药卫生体制改革,提出了要探索有效方式,逐步改革以药补医机制,通过设立药事服务费等方式逐步改革或取消药品加成政策,同时采取适当增加政府投入、改革支付方式等措施,完善公立医院补偿机制。药事服务费的相关研究随之出现,但由于对药事服务费的定义存有不同理解,目前对药事服务成本的测算尚未有统一的方法。通过对药事服务费的概念及存在的争议、药事服务费的测算现况及存在问题的综述,有助于在总结现有不足的前提下,寻找新的思路。