Further evidence for linkage of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) susceptibility loci on chromosomes 2p11, 8q22 and 11q23‐24 in South African Afrikaners

Utilizing DNA samples from 91 Afrikaner nuclear families with one or more affected children, five genomic regions on chromosomes 2p, 8q, 11q, 20q, and 21q that gave evidence for association with GTS in previous case‐control association studies were investigated for linkage and association with GTS. Highly polymorphic markers with mean heterozygosity of 0.77 were typed and resulting genotypes evaluated using single marker transmission disequilibrium (TDT), single marker haplotype relative risk (HRR), and multi‐marker “extended” TDT and HRR methods. Single marker TDT analysis showed evidence for linkage or association, with p‐values near 0.05, for markers D2S139, GATA28F12, and D11S1377 on chromosomes 2p11, 8q22 and 11q23‐24, respectively. Extended, two‐locus TDT and HRR analysis provided further evidence for linkage or association on chromosome 2 with p‐values of 0.007 and 0.025, and chromosome 8 with p‐values of 0.059 and 0.013, respectively. These results provide important additional evidence for the location of GTS susceptibility loci. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

不同倍性盾叶薯蓣的生理指标和薯蓣皂苷元量的比较研究

目的通过比较盾叶薯蓣Dioscoreazingiberensis人工四倍体植株和普通二倍体植株在抗性相关指标及薯蓣皂苷元量方面的差异,探索药用盾叶薯蓣倍性育种的应用前景。方法以秋水仙素诱导加倍的、经鉴定确认的3个不同株系四倍体盾叶薯蓣为材料,以二倍体原种为对照,采用分光光度法测定叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(PPO)活性以及可溶性糖的量;高锰酸钾滴定法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;采用HPLC法测定根状茎薯蓣皂苷元的量。结果四倍体植株SOD、PPO、CAT的活性以及可溶性糖的量明显高于二倍体;四倍体植株薯蓣皂苷元的量显著高于二倍体,增加幅度最大为二倍体原种的27%。结论人工四倍体植株薯蓣皂苷元量高,其生理指标也显示较强的抗性基础,可望直接利用或作为进一步培育高产、高薯蓣皂苷元量薯蓣新品种的良好育种材料。     

Amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. A reevaluation using a control population

To explore the possible influence of multiple myeloma on age-related amyloid accumulation, the frequency, extent and distribution of amyloid deposition in 35 patients who died of multiple myeloma was compared to that observed in 138 patients of comparable age but without myeloma (controls). The presence of multiple myeloma did not appear to enhance the development of age-related amyloid.Amyloid deposition in the patients with myeloma could be distinguished from that in the patients without myeloma by the occasional finding of amyloid in the bone marrow. In addition, material having the tinctorial and ultrastructural characteristics of amyloid was found in the renal tubular casts of 15 patients with myeloma but in none of the controls.The results suggest that although the appearance of amyloid in certain locations appears to be characteristic of multiple myeloma, the presence of amyloid in the heart or vascular system, even in considerable amounts, in a patient with multiple myeloma does not necessarily imply that the two conditions are related.     

盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的 对盾叶薯蓣进行化学成分研究.方法 利用反相色谱技术分离盾叶薯蓣水相部分中的化学成分,用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、135DEPT、HMQC和HMBC等方法鉴定其结构.结果 从新鲜的盾叶薯蓣根茎分得3个甾体皂苷,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ二醇-7-羰基3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]0β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为一新甾体皂苷,命名为盾叶薯蓣皂苷H(zingiberenin H).     

Inner ear anomalies in two cases of trisomy 18

Two cases of trisomy 18 in which temporal bone defects were limited to the inner ears are described. Several abnormalities were present that have not been described previously in this syndrome. The first case involved a 1-month-old female infant who died of congenital heart defects. Cochlear nerve fibers were absent on the left side, with near-normal innervation on the right. Although the organ of Corti was present bilaterally, some of the outer hair cells were deformed, having small rounded cell bodies unsupported by Deiters' cells. On the right, similar abnormal cells were found in the tunnel of Corti. Vestibular defects in this case included reduced nerve supply of the left saccular macula, cysts in the superior and posterior cristae, and absence of the utriculoendolymphatic valve. The second case involved a newborn male infant with multiple congenital anomalies. The major cochlear defect was a deformity of the stria vascularis. In the lower apical turn, the stria was adherent to Reissner's membrane and extended beneath it into scala media. Large capillaries, which ran freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria. Severe atresia of the lateral and posterior semicircular ducts was found in the vestibular apparatus.     

Residual carcinoma in the surgical specimen of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma undergoing preoperative radiation therapy. A study of 80 patients and a literature review

Controversy continues to surround the significance of residual endometrial adenocarcinoma in the uterus following radiation therapy. Eighty patients with FIGO stage IA, IB, and II endometrial adenocarcinoma treated by preoperative radiotherapy were studied. No correlation was noted between the histologic grade of the lesion and the stage of disease. The frequency and the site of residual carcinoma were not related to the stage of disease but less-differentiated tumors persisted more frequently than grade I lesions. The modality of preoperative radiotherapy did not affect the frequency of residual tumor. Residual carcinoma within the uterus had no effect on the site or frequency of recurrence nor on patient survival.     

Ototoxicity of otic drops applied to the middle ear in the chinchilla

Previous studies have shown that the application of topical otic drops to the external ear canals of animals with patent tympanostomy tubes may result in hearing impairment and cochlear hair cell loss. Otic drops are used in patients with tympanostomy tubes or tympanic membrane perforations and could have deleterious effects on the human membranous labyrinth. This report describes the inner ear damage that occurred after direct application of aminoglycoside-containing otic drops to the middle ears of experimental animals. The membranous labyrinths of 25 chinchillas were studied two days to five months after application of Cortisporin otic suspension (which contains neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, and propylene glycol) to the middle ear cavity. Application of 0.5 ml of Cortisporin resulted in degeneration of all inner and outer hair cells throughout the cochlea, as well as severe damage to the stria vascularis. Moderate to severe degeneration of the vestibular receptor organs was also observed. The endolymphatic sacs showed dark-staining endolymph, cellular debris, and macrophages in the sac lumina, as well as increased activity of the epithelial lining.