关附甲素对心肌慢反应动作电位的影响

关附甲素（ＧＰＡ）８．６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ使缺Ｏ＿２、高Ｋ￣＋和酸中毒的豚鼠乳头肌动作电位幅值（ＡＰＡ）和最大除极速率（Ｖ＿（ｍａｘ））下降，ＡＰＤ＿９０显著缩短，ＥＲＰ／ＡＰＤ＿９０比值增大，ＧＦＡ２６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ可使高Ｋ￣＋除极所致的慢反应ＡＰＡ和Ｖ＿（ｍａｘ）降低，ＧＦＡ５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时使兔窦房结动作电位０相去极化速率（ＭＲＤ）、舒张期去极化速率（ＲＤＰ）和平均复极化速率（ＭＲＲ）降低，自发活动频率（ＳＦＦ）减慢，并使舒张期去极化时间（ＤＤＴ）及动作电位时程（ＡＰＤ）延长。     

Supersaturated polymeric micelles for oral cyclosporine A delivery

Polymeric micelles provide a promising platform for improving oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. However, improved understanding of how drug retention within the hydrophobic micelle core can reduce drug absorption is required. We designed supersaturated polymeric micelles (Super-PMs) to increase molecularly dissolved drug concentration and gain an insight into the effect of the degree of supersaturation on oral absorption of cyclosporine A (CsA) in rats. The drug release from Super-PMs increased with an increase in initial supersaturation degrees in micelles. The cellular uptake of coumarin-6 was reduced by the retention of drug in polymer micelles. The transport flux of CsA across Caco-2 monolayer was increased with initial supersaturation degrees of 0.81–3.53 (p < 0.05). However, increase in supersaturation to 5.64 actually resulted in decreased CsA transport. The same trend was observed in a rat in vivo absorption study, in which the highest bioavailability of 134.6 ± 24.7% (relative to a commercial product, Sandimmun Neoral®, p < 0.01) was achieved when the supersaturation degree was 3.53. These results demonstrated that Super-PMs were a promising drug delivery system for compounds with low aqueous solubility. This study also provided an experimental proof for the hypothesis that moderately supersaturated formulations are valuable alternative to high supersaturation formulations, resulting in optimal in vivo performance, and the degree of supersaturation should be carefully controlled to optimize drug absorption.