精索静脉曲张手术后患者的管理策略

手术治疗精索静脉曲张在改善精液质量、提高配偶自然怀孕率和缓解局部疼痛症状中的作用已为多数医生所认同。随着手术方式的改进,越来越多的精索静脉曲张患者接受手术治疗,然而,临床对手术后患者的管理还重视不够。本文系统介绍了对精索静脉曲张手术后患者的疗效判断和后续治疗选择,包括观察随诊、非手术治疗方法和再手术。     

Magnesium Sulfate Mediates Morphine Administration Reduction in Varicocelectomy Surgery

Aims: Varicocelectomy is the most common operation carried out by doctors for male infertility treatment. The aim of varicocele treatment is to hinder the refluxing venous drainage to the testis, retaining arterial inflow, and lymphatic drainage. A lot of pain is generated after this surgery, and the use of opium should be reduced to nearest minimum, as all drugs are toxins. Thus the aim of the present study is to facilitate morphine usage reduction after varicocelectomy surgery. Material and Methods: One-hundred (100) patients who were varicocelectomy candidate were randomized into two groups: experimental group contain 50 patients and control group contain 50 patients as well. In experimental group, 2 mL magnesium sulfate in 2 mL normal saline was injected into patient immediately after surgery. The control group received only 4 mL normal saline. Morphine dosage administered, and severity of pain monitoring was accessed and recorded with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Result: Result indicated that administration of morphine dosage in the test group 0.21 ± 0.64 mg was significantly lower as compared to the control group 0.75 ± 1.30 mg during the first 24-hour after surgery (p = 0.01). Average VAS scores in the experimental and control groups in the first 4-hour interval were 0.91 ± 1.30 and 2.9 ± 2.50 (p = 0.02) respectively. We observed a significant difference in the VAS score for pain severity and the dosages of morphine administered. Conclusions: The experimental group with magnesium sulfate in its drug formulation showed better pain control compared to the control group which received only normal saline, whose pain manifested after every few hours. This can be used for the formulation of opium for this surgery in a large scale.     

大鼠精索静脉曲张不同手术方法对附睾细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨包含睾丸动脉的曲张精索内静脉集束结扎术(ALV)和保留睾丸动脉的精索内静脉结扎术(APV)对大鼠同侧附睾上皮细胞凋亡的影响.方法:检测对照组、实验性精索静脉曲张(EV)组、ALV组和APV组大鼠左侧附睾的重量、显微结构、附睾上皮细胞凋亡指数(AI).结果:EV组和ALV组附睾上皮的显微结构明显异常.对照组大鼠左侧附睾重量显著高于EV组和ALV组(P＜0.01),与APV组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);EV组附睾重量显著高于ALV组(P＜0.01).对照组大鼠附睾上皮细胞AI显著低于EV组和ALV组(P＜0.01),与APV组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);EV组附睾上皮细胞AI显著低于ALV组(P＜0.01).结论:EV可导致大鼠同侧附睾上皮结构改变,细胞凋亡过度,APV可以修复这些损害,而ALV则进一步加重这些损害.     

Magnified and non magnified subinguinal varicocelectomy in infertile and/or symptomatic men: A comparative study of the outcome

ObjectiveTo compare the outcome of magnified and non magnified varicocelectomy for infertile and/or symptomatic men.Patients and methodsOne hundred and sixteen patients with 2nd and 3rd degree varicocele were treated in a university based hospital between January 2006 and July 2008. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to be operated upon by conventional subinguinal technique and this is the 1st group (9 patients of them with bilateral varicocele). Other 56 patients were operated upon by microsurgical subinguinal technique and this is the 2nd group (11 of them with bilateral varicocele). All patients were followed up at regular intervals, every 3 months for 3 years, 7 patients were lost during follow-up period, all of them with unilateral varicocele (3 patients from 1st group and 4 patients from 2nd group).ResultsSixty-six varicocelectomies in the 1st group were done by conventional subinguinal technique (57 unilateral and 9 bilateral). Their results had been shown; 8 unilateral hydroceles (12.1%), 7 unilateral recurrences (10.7%) and one scrotal hematoma (1.5%). In the 2nd group total varicocelectomies were 63 (52 unilateral and 11 bilateral) had been done by microsurgical subinguinal technique resulting in no hydroceles and no scrotal hematomas but there were two unilateral recurrence (3%). The differences between the two techniques in the incidence of hydrocele formation and varicocele recurrence are significant (P < 0.001) and (P < 0.03) respectively.ConclusionApproaching the testis via a small subinguinal incision gives direct access to all testicular venous drainage. Furthermore, using the operating loupes helps to ease the recognition of the small venous channel, the testicular artery and the lymphatics, thus resulting in significant decrease of the incidence of varicocele recurrence, persistence, hydrocele formation and testicular artery injury. It is considered safe, effective and less morbid method for varicocelectomy.     

美蓝造影术在经脐单孔腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术中的应用

目的:探讨美蓝静脉造影在经脐单孔腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术中的应用价值.方法:回顾分析23例精索静脉曲张患者的临床资料,术中于精索内静脉及精索外静脉注入美蓝稀释液,曲张静脉均结扎,保留精索内动脉.结果:本组23例均顺利完成手术,单侧用时20～ 35 min,平均28 min;双侧用时45～ 60 min,平均53 min...     

腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效分析

目的观察腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育患者的疗效。方法 150例精索静脉曲张性不育患者行腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术,比较术前、术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量,并且追踪术后2年内配偶临床妊娠结果。结果术后精子密度、精子总数、a+b级精子数均较术前有显著提高(P<0.05),但术后第3、6、12、24月的精液质量各主要参数间对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后2年内配偶临床妊娠为90例(60%)。结论腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张性不育疗效好,能改善患者的精液质量,提高其配偶的怀孕率。     

Study of the effect of varicocelectomy on sperm proteins expression in patients with varicocele and poor sperm quality by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Purpose

To compare proteomic profiles of spermatozoa from patients with varicocele and poor sperm quality before and after varicocelectomy.

Methods

This work was designed as a prospective and observational study. The study was based on 20 men with varicocele grade 3 and poor sperm quality undergoing varicocelectomy at the Fertility Unit of Royan institute in 2009. Two semen samples were collected, one before varicocelectomy and the other after surgery. Protein separation was done by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis, and analyzed by gel densitometry and mass spectrometry. Differential sperm protein expression levels were measured by gel densitometry.

Results

Comparison of the sperm parameters showed that sperm motility and concentration were increased after varicocelectomy. At the level of protein, a total of 3 protein spots were identified whose expression was significantly lower in sperm samples before varicocelectomy compared with after surgery including heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and δ-subunit of the catalytic core of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATP5D).

Conclusions

High grade varicocoele affects sperm protein expression presumably because of increasing testicular temperature. These proteins play essential roles in sperm production, DNA integrity protection, and sperm motility. This novel study demonstrates that varicocelectomy can improve both sperm quality and proteins expression.