乙酰甲胺磷·三唑磷乳油的毒性研究

目的研究以乙酰甲胺磷和三唑磷为主要成分的乳油的急性毒性,为其毒理安全性评价提供依据。方法按国家标准GB15670—1995进行急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性试验,急性皮肤及眼刺激试验、皮肤致敏试验。结果20％乙酰甲胺磷·三唑磷乳油对雌雄性sD大鼠经口LD50均为369mg／kg．BW;急性经皮LD50〉2000mg／kg．BW;急性吸入LC50〉2000mg／m3;对家兔皮肤刺激反应积分均值为0;急性眼刺激积分指数（I．A．O．I．）=6．0,（M．I．0．I．）48h为0;对豚鼠皮肤致敏率为0。结论20％乙酰甲胺磷·三唑磷乳油经口毒性属于中等毒,经皮毒性属于低毒,吸入毒性属于低毒,时眼睛有轻度刺激性。对皮肤无刺激性,对豚鼠致敏强度分类为弱致敏。     

三唑磷原药的急性毒性试验研究

目的了解三唑磷的急性经口、经皮吸入毒性及急性眼刺激,皮肤刺激作用。方法按国家标准GB15670—1995进行。结果三唑磷对雌雄大鼠的急性经口LD50分别为58.4、68.1mg/kg;急性经皮LD50分别为316、430mg/kg;急性吸入LC50>2000mg/kg;急性眼刺激积分指数(I.A.O.I.)最高值为25;眼刺激平均指数(M.I.O.I.)4d为3.5;皮肤刺激强度平均分值为0.75。结论三唑磷经口和经皮毒性属于中等毒,吸入毒性属于低毒,对眼睛有轻度至中度刺激性,对皮肤有轻度刺激性。     

三唑磷原药90天喂养大鼠生物学标志物的改变

目的了解受试样品三唑磷原药（92％）的亚慢性经口毒性效应,取得该样品亚慢性经VI的最大无作用剂量参数,为安全生产及慢性毒性实验提供剂量参考依据。方法依据GB15670—1995（农药登记毒理学试验方法》对其进行为期90d的毒性实验。结果在整个染毒期间,高、中剂量组雌性大鼠的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,高剂量组雌性大鼠的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;从染毒第2周开始至13周试验结束时,高剂量组雄性大鼠及高、中剂量组雌性大鼠胆碱酯酶活力（CHE）受到抑制,明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,且存在剂量一反应关系。病理组织学检查高剂量组雄、雌性部分动物肝脏浊肿,胞质疏松,汇管区少许炎细胞。结论在该试验条件下,三唑磷原药（92％）对大鼠亚慢性经口毒性最大无作用剂量为雄性为0．10mg／（kg·d）,雌性为0．07mg／（kg·d）。CHE可作为该农药敏感的生物标志物。     

三唑磷对大鼠神经行为的影响

[目的]研究三唑磷对大鼠神经行为的影响作用。[方法]40只体重60～80 g的SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分成4组,将受试物掺入饲料中给予染毒,共设对照、低、中、高4组,剂量分别为0、25、100、400 mg/kg。给予受试物16周后进行Morris水迷宫试验测试神经行为功能。[结果]在定向导航试验中,在不同训练期中、高剂量组雄性大鼠的潜伏期有不同程度的延长,且与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),雌性大鼠各训练期的逃避潜伏期与对照组相比差异无统计学意义;在空间探索试验中,低、中、高剂量组雌性大鼠的平均运动速度与对照组大鼠相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中、高剂量组雌性大鼠在目标象限的活动时间与对照组相比有显著减少(P<0.05);雄性大鼠高剂量组站台周围活动时间与对照组有显著减少(P<0.05),雌性大鼠的中、高剂量组站台周围活动时间与对照组相比有显著减少(P<0.05)。[结论]三唑磷可对大鼠的神经行为产生一定的影响。     

Effect of in utero and lactational exposure of triazophos on reproductive system functions in male offsprings,Rattus norvegicus

In the present study, Triazophos (TZ) was used at acceptable daily intake (ADI) to investigate the consequence of prenatal and postnatal exposure on reproductive functions in the male offsprings. Pregnant females were divided into three groups, the first group was orally gavaged with olive oil (control), the second group was administered with 0.01?mg kg^?1 bw of the ADI of TZ from gestation day (GD) 1 until parturition (designated as P group) and the third group was gavaged with the same dose from GD1 to postnatal day (PND) 21 of lactation (marked as P?+?L group). Non-significant reduction occurred in the body weight of pups except at (PND) 35 during which body weight of P?+?L group pups significantly decreased. Male offsprings born to TZ exposed females showed significant changes at maturity (PND 63) in weight of liver, thyroid and testis, alterations in the levels of protein, urea, creatinine in plasma and abnormal levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and lipid peroxidation in testicular homogenate. Gonadal inhibition in TZ exposed progeny was reflected from a significant fall in sperm count, sperm motility, plasma testosterone level and histopathological alterations in testis. Hence, in utero and lactational exposure to ADI level of TZ influences testis development and functions in the male offsprings. Further investigations are suggested with germline studies of offsprings to examine the transgenerational effect of TZ exposure.     

Plasma acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker of triazophos neurotoxicity in young and adult rats

The organophosphate pesticides exhibit their action by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in central and peripheral nervous system. They are known to affect the young animals to a greater extent, as their developing brain is more susceptible to their toxic effects. Besides inactivating acetylcholine at synaptic terminals AChE also plays an important role in neuronal growth and differentiation. A reduction in AChE activity in plasma has no known physiological function in causing brain or tissue damage, but if a good correlation between brain and plasma AChE inhibition exists, then circulating plasma AChE can be used as a reliable marker for detection of cholinesterase inhibitors. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to differentiate age and gender related neurotoxicity of an organophosphate pesticide-triazophos and to explore whether plasma AChE can serve as a biomarker of its neurotoxicity in young, i.e. post natal days 20 (PND 20) and adult rats i.e. post natal days 90 (PND 90) after single intraperitoneal administration in different doses.     

农药三唑磷和杀虫单对小鼠的联合毒作用研究

目的　用急性毒性试验方法研究即将投入批量生产的混配农药“18%三唑磷·杀虫单微乳剂”联合毒作用类型。　方法　用改进寇氏法分别测定农药三唑磷、杀虫单单剂及其二者质量混合比为 3 :1、1:1、1:3的三种混合农药对 KM小鼠的急性经口 L D50 ,用联合毒作用系数 K值法判断混合物的联合毒作用类型。　结果　农药三唑磷和杀虫单 L D50 分别为 12 .3 2 mg/kg和 10 0 .5 mg/kg,二者的等毒性比约为 8:1;三唑磷与杀虫单质量混合比为 3 :1,1:1,1:3的三种混合农药的 L D50 分别为 2 7.2 3 mg/kg,40 .5 4mg/kg和 85 .92 mg/kg,其联合毒作用系数 K值分别为 0 .5 8,0 .5 4,0 .42。　结论　三唑磷与杀虫单混合比在 3 :1～ 1:3之间混合物的联合毒作用属相加作用